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NORTH  CAROLINA  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


JOSEPH  HYDE  PRATT.  State  Geologist 


ECONOMIC  PAPER  No.  44 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 

DURING  THE  CALENDAR  YEAR  ENDING 
DECEMBER  31,  1914 


A STATISTICAL  REPORT 


COMPILED  BY 


JOSEPH  HYDE  PRATT,  State  Geologist 

AND 


MISS  H.  M.  BERRY,  Secretary 


RALEIGH 

Edwards  & Broetghton  Printing  Co. 
State  Printers 
1917 


GEOLOGICAL  BOARD 


Governor  Locke  Craig,  ex  officio  Chairvian Raleigh 

Frank  R.  Hewitt Asheville 

Hugh  MacRae  Wilmington 

Henry  E.  Fries Winston-Salem 

John  Sprunt  Hill Durham 


Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist 


Chapel  Hill 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


Chapel  Hill,  N.  C.,  Hay  1,  1916. 

To  His  Excellency , Hon.  Locke  Craig, 

Governor  of  North  Carolina. 

Sir  : — The  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey, 
in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Office  of  Public  Roads,  has 
collected  data  for  the  calendar  year  1911  in  regard  to  road  work  in  the 
State,  including  mileage,  finances,  administration,  maintenance, 
uses  of  convict  and  free  labor,  etc.  The  results  of  these  statistics  throw 
considerable  light  on  the  road  situation  in  the  State,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that  their  publication  from  year  to  year  will  help  the  people  of 
the  State  to  realize,  more  than  anything  else,  the  inefficiency  of  present 
methods  of  road  work  and  administration,  and  the  necessity  for  the 
inauguration  of  more  effective  and  scientific  methods.  I am,  there- 
fore, submitting  these  statistics  in  the  form  of  a report,  to  he  published 
as  Economic  Paper  No.  41  of  the  publications  of  the  North  Carolina 
Geological  and  Economic  Survey. 

Tours  respectfully,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt, 

State  Geologist. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 

DURING  THE  CALENDAR  YEAR  ENDING  DECEMBER  31,  1914 


Compiled  by 

Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  ayd  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary. 


The  present  report  covers  an  investigation,  conducted  by  tlie  Xorth 
Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey  in  cooperation  with  the 
United  States  Office  of  Public  Iioads,  in  regard  to  road  mileage,  road 
funds,  whether  by  taxation,  bond  issue,  labor  tax,  etc. ; convict  labor 
on  public  roads ; administrative  boards ; and  systems  of  maintenance. 
The  statistics  given  in  this  report  apply  to  the  calendar  year  ending 
December  31,  1914,  and  consist,  in  the  main,  of  tables,  accompanied 
by  a brief  explanatory  text, 

GENERAL  STATEMENT  REGARDING  NORTH  CAROLINA  AND  HER  ORGANI- 
ZATION AS  TO  ROAD  ADMINISTRATION. 

ETorth  Carolina  has  an  area  of  52,286  square  miles,  which  includes 
a land  area  of  48,666  square  miles  and  a water  area  of  3,620  square 
miles.  Its  extreme  length  from  east  to  west  is  503  1-4  miles,  and  ex- 
treme width  from  north  to  south  is  1ST  1-2  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  on  the  east  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
on  the. south  by  the  States  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  on  the 
west  by  the  State  of  Tennessee.  It  has  one  hundred  counties,  vary- 
ing in  size  from  Robeson,  with  the  largest  land  area,  amounting  to 
870  square  miles,  to  ETew  Hanover,  the  smallest,  with  an  area  of  162 
square  miles.  Extending  from  the  coast  westward  to  the  mountains 
for  a distance  of  over  500  miles,  it  includes  within  its  boundaries 
every  variation  in  topography,  from  the  lowlands  of  the  coastal  plain 
region  and  the  higher  region  of  the  piedmont  plateau  to  the  steep 
mountain  regions  of  Western  Hortli  Carolina.  Similar  variations 
are  to  be  found  in  its  climate  and  geological  formations. 

All  these  diverse  conditions  make  the  highway  problems  of  the 
various  counties  of  the  State  exceedingly  complex,  and  each  section 
has  its  own  problems  with  regard  to  location,  drainage,  surfacing  ma- 
terials, and  maintenance.  Thus,  according  to  the  section  of  the 
State  in  which  the  county  is  located,  it  is  found  advisable  to  use  ma- 
cadam, gravel,  sand-clav,  or  topsoil  as  surfacing  materials.  ETature 


6 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


lias,  however,  been  very  generous  in  supplying  rather  abundantly  suit- 
able materials  for  making  sand-clay*  roads,  and  because  North  Caro- 
lina is  essentially  a rural  State,  containing  but  few  large  cities,  the 
sand-clay  road  for  the  most  part  meets  traffic  conditions  over  a very 
wide  section.  The  State  is  exceedingly  well  watered,  and  the  prob- 
lem of  culvert  and  bridge  construction  and  repair  is  a vital  one.  All 
the  road  work  in  North  Carolina  is  under  the  direction  of  local  county 
or  township  officials.  Up  to  the  last  two  or  three  years  all  assessments 
were  made  by  county  commissioners  and  the  accruing  funds  spent 
under  their  direction.  Within  the  past  two  or  three  years,  however, 
especially  where  bonds  have  been  voted  for  building  public  roads, 
special  road  commissions  have  been  appointed,  either  for  the  entire 
county  (when  county  bonds  have  been  issued)  or  for  townships  or 
road  districts,  as  the  case  may  be;  so  that  during  1914  the  road  funds 
of  the  State  were  administered  by  county  commissioners,  county 
road  commissioners,  township  road  commissioners  or  trustees,  etc. 

The  modern  movement  for  better  roads  in  North  Carolina  may  be 
said  to  have  begun  in  1879,  when  the  General  Assembly  passed  what 
is  known  as  the  Mecklenburg  Road  Law.  This  was  proposed  as  a 
general  State  law,  but  when  passed  it  applied  to  only  three  counties — 
Mecklenburg,  Forsyth,  and  Stokes.  It  provided  for  the  working  of 
public  roads  partly  by  taxation  and  partly  by  the  old  labor  system; 
but  even  in  this  moderate  form  it  was  ahead  of  its  time,  and  in  18S1 
was  repealed.  Up  to  the  passage  of  this  law  all  the  road  work  had 
been  done  by  the  free-labor  system,  which  is  still  in  vogue  in  a number 
of  counties,  in  some  still  being  the  only  system  in  use,  and  in  others 
supplemented  by  a road  tax  or  bond  issue.  This  Mecklenburg  law, 
which  was  reenacted,  can  be  adopted  as  the  road  law  of  any  county  by 
a vote  of  the  county  commissioners  on  petition  signed  by  a number  of 
freeholders  in  the  county. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1913  passed  a great  many  acts  relating 
to  the  issuing  of  road  bonds  by  counties  and  townships.  There  was  a 
great  lack  of  uniformity  in  these  bills  and  wide  variation  in  the  method 
of  issuing  the  bonds,  some  being  authorized  by  election  on  a set  date ; 
some  by  election  on  petition  to  county  commissioners,  others  to  be 
issued  directly  by  the  county  commissioners  without  vote  or  petition, 
and  still  others  to  be  issued  in  the  discretion  of  the  county  commis- 
sioners. Some  of  the  acts  called  for  special  road  or  highway  com- 
missions to  take  charge  of  the  road  work  and  others  placed  the  road 
work  under  the  township  commissioners  and  county  commissioners. 

There  was  one  law  of  a general  nature  passed  authorizing  any  town- 
ship (except  in  the  counties  of  Rockingham,  Madison,  Anson,  and 


*Sand-clay  includes  gravel  and  topsoil. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


7 


Robeson)  to  vote  upon  bonds,  not  exceeding  $50,000,  upon  petition  to 
boards  of  county  commissioners.  Elections  for  these  bond  issues  are 
to  be  called  by  said  board  upon  petition  of  one-fourth  of  the  qualified 
voters  of  any  township. 


STATE  ROAD  WORK. 

Up  to  the  present  time  no  work  has  been  done  directly  under  the 
State,  except  such  educational  work  and  engineering  assistance  as 
could  be  rendered  by  the  small  appropriation  of  $5,000  a year  allotted 
to  the  highway  department  of  the  Worth  Carolina  Geological  and 
Economic  Survey.  Certain  special  work,  however,  was  allotted  to 
this  department  by  the  Legislature  of  1913,  as  the  supervision  of  the 
construction  of  the  Hickory  Hut  Gap  Road  (a  link  of  the  Charlotte- 
Aslieville  Highway),  which  is  being  built  by  State  convicts,  and  simi- 
lar supervision  of  a link  of  the  Central  Highway  in  Madison  County. 
State  convicts  were  also  allotted  to  do  this  work. 

SOURCES  OF  INFORMATION. 

The  facts  given  in  this  report  were  obtained  from  chairmen  of 
boards  of  county  commissioners,  chairman  of  road  commissions 
(both  county  and  township),  from  registers  of  deeds,  clerks  of  courts, 
road  engineers,  road  superintendents,  and  in  some  cases  from  private 
individuals.  The  county  and  road  commissions  were  first  written 
to  and  given  an  opportunity  to  fill  out  the  list  of  questions.  A sec- 
ond request  was  sent  with  a personal  letter.  In  many  instances  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  requests  were  mailed  to  such  parties  as  it  was  thought 
could  give  reliable  answers.  In  a few  cases  personal  visits  were  made 
by  engineers  of  the  Geological  Survey  to  road  officials  and  the  desired 
information  secured. 

In  compiling  the  special-tax  figures,  access  was  had  to  the  report 
of  the  State  Auditor,  and  we  were  able  to  compute  the  amount  of 
special  tax  from  this,  thus  checking  up  these  returns.  This  office 
keeps  in  touch  with  the  bond  issues  which  are  being  voted  from  time  to 
time  by  different  counties  and  townships,  and  thus  we  were  able  to 
check  this  data  with  the  reports  sent  in. 

As  to  mileage  in  the  counties,  these  figures  were  adjusted  ivith 
figures  which  had  been  received  in  previous  years  for  total  mileage, 
and  the  figures  for  improved  mileage  were  checked  by  considering 
average  cost  per  mile  with  available  funds. 

While  all  data  given  may  not  be  absolutely  correct,  it  is  believed 
that  it  is  as  nearly  correct  as  can  be  had  from  any  available  sources 


8 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN'  NORTH  CAROLINA 


of  information.  None  of  the  counties  or  townships  in  which  road 
work  is  being  done  keep  accurate  cost  data,  and  practically  none  of 
the  counties  have  had  road  maps  made  of  them,  so  that,  while  the 
figures  given  as  to  mileage  cannot  he  taken  as  absolutely  correct,  yet 
they  are  close  approximations. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  NORTH  CAROLINA 


9 


Table  I 

Revenue  by  Counties  and  Townships  from  Direct  Taxation  ( Property 

and  Poll),  Special  Taxes  ( Auto  Tax,  Dog  Tax,  Central  Highway 
Tax),  Labor  Tax,  and  Private  Subscription. 

It  will  be  noted  from  this  table  that  in  some  instances  there  is  a 
tax  levied  for  the  entire  county  for  road  improvement,  in  other  in- 
stances townships  have  a special  levy  for  road  building,  while  in  still 
other  cases  there  is  a county  lew  supplemented  by  additional  levies 
in  certain  townships. 

In  column  1 is  given  the  rate  for  county  levies  per  $100  worth  of 
property. 

In  column  2 is  given  the  rate  of  township  levies  per  $100  worth  of 
property. 

In  column  3 is  given  the  rate  on  polls  by  counties. 

In  column  I is  given  the  rate  by  townships  on  the  poll. 

Column  5 gives  the  amounts  obtained  from  both  property  and  poll 
taxes  in  counties  and  townships. 

Column  6 gives  the  purposes  for  which  these  taxes  are  levied,  as  for 
repair  and  maintenance  of  dirt  roads ; construction  of  new  roads ; 
interest  and  sinking  fund  on  bond  issues ; bridges,  etc. 

Column  7 gives  the  allotment  by  counties  of  the  State  automobile 
tax.  This  tax  is  supposed  to  be  used  for  the  upkeep  of  roads,  but  is 
sometimes  diverted  from  that  purpose. 

Column  8 specifies  certain  other  sources  of  revenue,  as  private  sub- 
scriptions ; dog  taxes ; value  of  labor  contributions ; tax  for  Central 
Highway;  Federal  funds;  excess  fees  of  county  officers  used  for 
roads ; United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  fund ; sale  of  rail- 
road stock ; money  borrowed  by  county  commissioners  for  roads ; rail- 
road tax;  and  chain-gang  tax. 

Column  9 gives  the  amounts  raised  from  the  sources  designated  in 
column  8. 

Column  10  gives  the  total  amount  for  road  purposes  derived  from 
columns  5,  7 and  9. 

Column  11  gives  by  counties  and  townships  the  number  of  days  of 
free  labor  required  from  citizens  in  rural  districts. 

Column  12  gives  the  age  limits  of  citizens  who  are  subject  to  this 
labor  tax. 

Column  13  gives  by  counties  and  townships  the- estimated  number 
of  men  who  are  subject  to  this  labor  tax. 


10 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


TABLE  I.  REVENUE  FOR  ROAD  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA— BY  SPECIAL  TAXES, 


Rate  on 
Property 

Rate  on 
Poll 

Total 

Amounts 

Obtained 

F or  What  LTsed 

County 

Township 

County 

Town- 

ship 

>> 

a 

o 

O 

Town- 

ship 

from 
Property 
and  Poll 
Taxes 

$0.16! 

0 

s _ 

s. 

s 

% 17,629.98 

Const,  and  repr... 

0 

Repair 

.25 

.75 

*1,000.00 

0 

0 

Repair 

25-30 

75-90c 

19,683.00 

Constr. 

Repair  . _ .... 

.20 

0 

4,500.00 

Repr.  dirt  roads.. 

Const,  and  repr... 

Chocowinity 

Long  Acre...  ..  _ 

n 

.10 

2.00 

8,256.03 

13,724.78 

Richland  _ 
Washington  _ 

.20  3 

0 

Bridges  and  repr. 

.10 

.30 

6,000.00 

dirt  roads 

Repair 

.25 

1,000.00 

Lockw'ood's  Folly___ 
Northwest  _ 

.12 

.36 

4,500.00 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

Smithfield___ 
Town  Creek  . ._  . 

.20 

0 

51,128.76 

Const,  and  repr.__ 

Black  Mountain.. 

.20 

1,800.00 

.20 

0 

8,759.44 

Const,  and  repr.__ 

Morganton..  

\ 

.085 

2,300.00 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

Silver  Creek 

f 

.30 

0 

30,280.00 

Const,  and  repr._. 

0 

0 

0 

.15 

0 

5,460.00 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

10 

o 

3,000.00 

*12,371.00 

const,  and  repr.. 

.20 

0 

Repr.  and  bridges. 

.20 

0 

7,242.65 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

.30 

*4,500.00 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

.10 

0 

6,836.76 

Repr.  dirt  road  — 

.10 

0 

*5,000.00 

21  § 

*2,000.00 

.55 

11,000.00 

Int.  and  sink,  fund 

.35 

1.05 

6,500.00 

o 

First  

.071 

.22!'] 

.60 

Second 

.20 

5,300.00 

Repair.. 

Third 

.20 

.60  [ 

.20 

.60  j 

Clay 

.10 

0 

1,109.00 

Repair - 

*Estimated. 


HIGHWAY  WOKE  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


11 


GIFTS,  LABOR,  AND  ALL  OTHER  SOURCES  EXCEPT  BOND  ISSUES  DURING  1914. 


Amount 
of  Auto 
Tax 


Other  Sources 


How  Derived 


Amount 


$ 1,004.00 

131.60 


Priv.  sub.. 


1.60 

494.40 

20.00 

8.00 

903.00 


Priv.  sub 

Priv.  sub... 
Labor,  etc.. 


856.20 

125.60 

100.40 


Priv.  sub. 


3,495.40 

316.20 


Priv.  sub.. 


284.80 
105  60 


431.80 


4.00 


Cjrp.  tax. 
Dog  tax... 
Priv.  sub.. 
Labor 


Priv.  sub.. 


400.00 


500.00 

1,000.00' 

2,500.00 


500.00 


5,000.00 


1,100.60 

439.40 

j Labor  ..... 

\ Priv.  sub 

f Labor. 

\Priv.  sub., 

60.00 

127.60 

Labor  

312.80 

/ Dog  tax 

\ Priv.  sub... 

1,100.40 

Priv.  sub...  

200.00 

1,800.00' 

300.00 

2,000.00 


1.103.00 

1.100.00 
800.00 
500.00 


100.00 


Totals 
from  All 
Sources 

Average 
Number  of 
Days  Worked 
Per  Man 

Age 

Limit 

Estimated 
Number 
Men 
Subject 
to  Labor 
Tax 

19,033.98 

3 days  or  SI. 25 

21-45 

2,000 

131.60 

6 

18-45 

1,500 

1,000.00 

501.60 

6 const.,  8 repr. 

18-50 

700 

23,677.40 

6 

18-45 

2,000 

20.00 

8 

18-45 

1,000 

4,508.00 

0 

903.00 

3 

18-45 

1,200 

8,256.03 

14,580.98 

4 

18-45 

3,000 

6,625.60 

0 

1,100.40 

6 

18-45 

1,000 

4,500.00 

0 

59,624.16 

4 days  or  S3. 00 

21-45 

2,835 

1,800.00 

0 

9,075.64 

6 

18-45 

1,200 

2,300.00 

0 

32,080.60 

0 

0 

2,639.40 

6 

18-45 

3,000 

0 

60.00 

6 

18-45 

1,000 

5,787.60 

6 

18-45 

800 

5,412.80 

4 

18-45 

1,500 

15,471.40 

0 

7,242.65 

0 

*4,500.00 

0 

10,124.56 

3 

21-45 

3,000 

5,605.60 

8 

21-45 

1,400 

2,000.00] 

11, 000.00  j- 

6 

21-45 

600 

6 , 500 .00 J 

531.80 

0 

5,300.00 

0 

1,113.00 

4 

18-45 

300 

12 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NOETH  CAROLINA 


Table  I 


Rate  on 
Property 

Rate  on 
Poll 

Total 

Amounts 

Obtained 

County 

Township 

County 

Town- 

ship 

County 

Town- 

ship 

from 
Property 
and  Poll 
Taxes 

For  What  Used 

S .25 

s_  .. 

8. 

s 

S 

No.  2. 

No.  4 

*23,000.00 

Int.,  sinking  fund 

No.  7 

No.  8 

and  repair 

No.  9.  

.10 

0 

11,266.80 

Constr.  and  repr._ 
and  brdg.  matr._ 

Levied  by  Township.. 

.20 

.60 

25,344.40 

-Const,  and  repr... 
Const,  and  repr... 
and  bridges 

.25 

0 

26,000.00 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Levied  by  Township. _ 

15-20 

45-60 

21,880.00 

Repr.  dirt  roads 

.20 

.60 

10,059.33 

and  repair  

0 

Repr.  dirt  roads.. 

.20 

*2,000.00 

Int.  on  bends 

.20 

.60 

*1,500.00 

Int.  on  bonds..  __ 

.17 

0 

47,928.04 

Const,  and  repr. 
and  bridges 

.25 

19,082.15 

Const,  and  repr... 

.23 

} 

Rocky  Mount  R.  D.__ 

.20 

.60 

11,119.38 

Const,  and  repr. 

Forsyth 

.28 

0 

82,728.64 

Const,  and  repr. 

and  bridges  __  _ 

.10 

6.482.00 

6.800.00 

4.500.00 

2.600.00 

.35 

1.05 

.25 

.30 

.90 

.25 

.75 

41,250.00 

Const,  and  repr. 
bridges  

Gates 

0 

0 

Rpr.  dirt  roads 
Int.  on  bonds 

.20 

.60 

1,318.88 

Graham 

■ 25  s 

1,233.00 

Repr.  dirt  roads .. 

.30 

.90 

2,700.00 

Repr.  dirt  roads 
Repr.  dirt  roads 

.30 

.90 

1,200.00 

Granville 

.30} 

28,405.77 

Const,  and  repr.  _ 

Greene 

.59 

10,661.26 

Int.  sinking  fund 

and  repairs 

Guilford 

.234 

70,000.00 

All  purposes,  in- 
cluding bridges  . 

Halifax 

.25 

2.00 

32,000.00 

Int.  sinking  fund 

and  repairs 

’Estimated.  tFor  three  townships.  JSandy  Creek  Township. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


13 


Continued. 


Amount 
of  Auto 
Tax 

Other  Sources 

Totals 
from  All 
Sources 

Average 
Number  of 
Days  Worked 
Per  Man 

Age 

Limit 

Estimated 
Number 
Men 
Subject 
to  Labor 
Tax 

How  Derived 

Amount 

S 852.20 



S 852.20 

0 

23,000.00 

0 

fSpee.  tax _ 

603 .00] 

505.60 

<!  Priv.  sub __  _ 

1,200.00  V 

13,775.40 

6 days  or  S3 .00 

21-45 

4,000 

[Wk.  civic  week 

200.00J 

1.135.00 

Tax  for  Cen.  Hwy. 

3,100.00 

29,579.40 

0 

0 

872.00 

0 

26,872.00 

0 

0 

0 

143.60 

143.60 

3-6 

IS — 45 

1,000 

61.60 

0 

61.60 

6 

18-45 

500 

1,337.00 

23,217.00 

T6 

18—45 

1,000 

223.80 

Fed.  funds 

12,425.00 

22, 70S.  13 

0 

0 

0 

304 .40 

304.40 

6 

18-45 

3,000 

1,800.00 

1,800.00 

2,000.00 

1,500.00 

1,622. SO 

Dog  tax  

572.50 

50,123.34 

0 

0 

0 

1.680.60 

20,762.75 

0 

0 

0 

11,119.38 

1,550.00  1 

2,699.80 

\ Fed.  funds.  ... 

1,412.25  / 

88,390.69 

0 

0 

0 

725.20 

Priv.  sub.  _ 

J50.00 

7,257.20 

6 

21-49 

1,000 

6,800.00 

4,500.00 

2,600.00 

1,257.00 

Priv.  sub 

1,250.00 

43,757.00 

0 

0 

0 

127.20 

Labor  given...  ._ 

350.00 

477.20 

0 

0 

0 

1,318.88 

1,233.00 

4 

18—45 

700 

2,700.00 

1,200.00 

854.00 

Dog  tax  

984.50 

30,244.27 

4 

21—45 

3,000 

444.00 

11,105.26 

6 

18-45 

2,000 

[ Excess  fees  coun- 

4,708.00 

-j  ty  officers  _ __ 

14,000.00  1 

89,708.00 

0 

0 

0 

[ Priv.  sub. 

1,000.00  / 

1,424.60 

Priv.  sub 

500.00 

33,924.60 

0 

0 

0 

14 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  I — 


Rate  on 
Property 

Rate  on 
Poll 

Total 

Amounts 

Obtained 

County 

Township 

>» 

e 

3 

o 

O 

c 

& o. 
£13 

M co 

3 

o 

o 

d 

£ 0. 

from 
Property 
and  Poll 
Taxes 

For  What  Used 

s 

$ 

S 

$ 

s 

Int.  and  Const 

Hectors  Creek ] 

.20 

.60 

5,000.00 

Upper  Little  River.  _J 

.12 

6.444.00 

7.287.00 
9,000.00 

• 33  J 

.20 

Int.,  sink,  fund,  re- 
pairs and  brdgs. 

0 

.25 

2,636.00 

Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 
Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 
Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 
Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 
Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 
Gen.  repr.  drt.  rds. 

Harrellsville 

.25 

.75 

2,053.00 

Maney’s  Neck 

.25 

.75 

1,821.00 

Murfreesboro _ 

.05 

.15 

378.00 

.30 

.90 

3,117.00 

Winton 

.25 

.75 

2,698.00 

Hoke 

.25 

.75 

7,500.00 

0 

Fairfield...  . _ 

.20 

.60 

696.85 

Bridges  and  repair 
dirt  roads 

.20 

.60 

856 .84 

.25 

.75 

36,221.23 

Int.  sinking  fund, 
reprs.  and  brgs- 

Jackson 

Cullowhee  . 1 

Dillsboro >■ 

10-55 

30-1.65 

9,118.00 

Int.  and  sinking 
fund 

Sylva J 

Johnston 

.25 

28,874.24 

Const,  and  rpr 

Repr.  dirt  roads 
and  grading 

Jones 

.20 

.60 

6,308.79 

Lee__  

■ Hi 

.60 

8,655.00 

Int.  sinking  fund, 
repr.  and  brdgs. _ 

.18 

0 

14,287.72 

Const.,  rprs.  and 
bridges 

.20 

.60 

*12,000.00 

Int.,  sinking  fund 
and  repairs 

Macon 

.34 

8,150.48 

Repr.  dirt  roads  — 

Franklin 

McDowell 

.10 

1,500.00 

5.563.39 

Repr.  dirt  roads 
Int.  and  skg.  fund 
Int.  and  skg.  fund 
Int.  and  skg.  fund 
Int.  and  skg.  fund 

Marion. __  __ 

.30 

Nebo 

.20 

*1,200.00 

Old  Fort 

.25 

3,500.00 

Madison 

.30 

0 

10,916.70 

Martin 

-16  s 
.50 

.50 

2,600.00 

Int.  and  skg.  fund 
Const,  and  rpr 

Williamston 

1.50 

7,019.13 

Mecklenburg... 

.30 

.10 

130,720.00 

30c  const.,  10c  rpr., 
const,  and  rprs._ 

Berryhill.  

.121 

Mitchell 

.50 

0 

11,000.00 

Repr.  dirt  roads 
and  bridges 

*Estimated.  fHarp’s  Hoad.  +In  three  townships. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


35 


Continued. 


Amount 
of  Auto 
Tax 

Other  Sources 

Totals 
from  All 
Sources 

Average 
Number  of 
Days  Worked 
Per  Man 

Age 

Limit 

Estimated 
Number 
Men 
Subject 
to  Labor 
Tax 

How  Derived 

Amount 

$ *200.00  1 

$ 698.40 

8 1,198.40 

6 

18—15 

1,500 

^ Priv.  sub..  

‘300.00  / 

13,500.00 

8,500.00 

400.00  \ 

243.20 

. 11.037.20 

6 

18-45 

3,000 

\ Spec.  tax. 

4,000.00  / 

7,287.00 

584.40 

Priv.  sub 

1,000.00 

10,584.40 

5 days  or  $2.50 

21-45 

600 

446.00 

446.00 

6 days  or  $3.00 

18-45 

2,500 

2,636.00 

2,053.00 

1,821.00 

378.00 

3,117.00 

2,698.00 

469.20 

7,969.20 

0 

0 

0 

185.60 

1S5.60 

to 

18-15 

500 

696.85 

856.84 

U.  S.  Dept.  Agri- 

1,377.40 

culture  Fund 

3,802.88. 

41,401.51 

0 

0 

0 

16.00 

16.00 

4 

18—15 

2,000 

9,118.00 

1,4-5.00 

Priv.  sub.  _ __ 

1,000.00 

36,349.24 

6 days  in  8 twps. 

21-45 

1,800 

300.00  1 

170.00 

^ Labor  sub...  _ 

700.00  / 

7,478.79 

2 days  or  $1.00 

21-45 

1,000 

296.60 

8,951.60 

0 

0 

0 

1,500.00  1 

1,044  40 

54,332  12 

0 

0 

0 

\ Sale  R.  R.  stock__ 

37,500.00  / 

449.20 

12,449.20 

0 

0 

0 

200.00  1 

55.60 

\ Labor _ 

50.00  / 

8,456.08 

4 days  or  $2.00 

18-45 

1,500 

105.20 

1,605.20 

6 

18-45 

1,000 

5,563.39 

4 

18—15 

600 

62.00 

1,262.00 

5 

21-45 

500 

3,500.00 

5 

21-45 

250 

6.00 

Fed.  Fund 

10,000.00 

10,922.70 

6 days  or  $5.00 

18-45 

1,500 

812.60 

812.60 

6 

21-45 

1,700 

2,600.00 

234.90 

7,254.03 

4,699.40 

135,419.40 

4 

21-45 

2,000 

2 

21-45 

0 

11,000.00 

4 

21—15 

1,100 

16 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  I — 


Rate  on 
Property 

Rate  on 
Poll 

Total 

Amounts 

Obtained 

County 

Township 

d 

d 

o 

O 

d 

£ a 

h’-S 

>> 

o 

O 

d 

If 

from 
Property 
and  Poll 
Taxes 

F or  What  Used 

s .10 

s 

$ 

S 12,624.73 

Const,  and  rpr 

Const,  and  rpr 

.30 

4,303.10 

Bensalem 

Carthage _ 

Deep  River. _ 

.25 

.75 

*19,000.00 

Const,  and  rpr 

Int.  and  skg.  fund 

McNeills 

Mineral  Springs 

Sand  Hills..  ...  _ 

.30 

.90 

.30 

0 

Coopers  Creek 

.30 

0 

Dry  Wells 

.30 

0 

.30 

.90 

.30 

0 

*40,000.00 

.30 

0 

.30 

.90 

Red  Oaks.  _ 

.30 

0 

.20 

.60 

.30 

0 

0 

0 

*75,000.00 

.20 

Const,  and  rpr 

1.50 

16.30S.20 

Int.  and  skg.  fund 

0 

Repr.  dirt  road 

.20 

.60 

3.63S.20 

and  bridge..  ... 

.35 

0 

18.7S0.00 

Int.  sinking  fund 

Pamlico..  _ 

.20 

0 

3,579.00 

and  repr.__  

Repr.  road  and 

.13 

0 

9,720.27 

bridges.  . 

Rpr.  roads  and 

0 

0 

bridges.  

Repr.  dirt  roads 

.20 

.60 

1,200.00 

bridges 

Repr.  dirt  road 

.35 

1 .05 

13,351.41 

Repr.  dirt  road  __ 

.25 

0 

11,613.00 

Repr.  dirt  road... 

.15 

.45 

15,000.00 

Brdgs.  and  gen- 

.30 

0 

3,500.00 

eral  road  work__ 
Int.  sinking  fund 

Polk 

.52 

0 

10,010.00 

and  repair 

Brdgs.  int.  sinkg. 

.085 

0 

6,500.00 

fund  and  rpr 

Bridges,  const.. 

repair  

.33^ 

1 .00 

29,333.00 
36, 521. IS 

Const,  and  rprs. __ 

Rpr.  dirt  roads  ... 
Const,  and  rpr... 
Const.,  rpr.,  and 
bridges 

.21 

0 

.24 

0 

2S.000.00 

51,256.00 

16.050.S1 

.35 

1 .05 

.15 

2.00 

const,  and  rpr... 

*Estimated. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


17 


Continued. 


Amount 
of  Auto 
Tax 


Other  Sources 


How  Derived 


Amount 


S 482.00 
1,144.20 


Labor 

Priv.  sub.. 


1,452.60 


2,449.60 

532.60 


162.00 


441.20 

80.00 

699.80 

182.00 


238.00 

502.40 

2,033.40 


90.00 

749.80 

1.169.40 

1,437.80 

1,053.60 

1.986.40 


Labor- 


Labor 

Priv.  sub.. 
Priv.  sub.. 


! Borrowed  by  Co 

Priv.  sub 

Labor 

Priv.  sub 


Labor  and  haul- 
ing— 


81,000.00  'l 
4,200.00  / 


500.00 

200.00 

Priv.  sub 

2.000.00 

Labor 

500,00 

Priv.  Sub.  _ 

250.00 

Priv.  sub.  

250.00 

Dog  tax-.  

700.00 

Labor- 

50.00 

Spec.  Tax. 

175.00 

6,000.00 


400.00 

500.00 
3,500.00 


Priv.  sub.. 


1,500.00 

200.00 


Totals 
from  All 
Sources 

Average 
Number  of 
Days  Worked 
Per  Man 

Age 

Limit 

Estimated 
Number 
Men 
Subject 
to  Labor 
Tax 

SIS, 306. 73 

4 days  or  S4.00 

18-45 

2,000 

4,303.16 

1,144.20 

0 

0 

0 

21,700.00 

1,452.60 

40,000.00 

77,449.60 

0 

0 

0 

532.60 

3 

21-45 

2,700 

16,308.20 

912.00 

4 

18-45 

1,200 

3,638.20 

20,171.20 

0 

0 

0 

3,884.00 

4 

21-50 

1,360 

10,420.07 

0 

0 

0 

6,182.00 

8 

18-45 

1,400 

1,200.00 

13,589.41 

0 

0 

0 

12,515.40 

0 

0 

0 

17,533.40 

5 

18-45 

2,000 

7,000.00 

10,100.00 

4 

21-45 

1,000 

63,249.80 

4 

18-45 

3,600 

32,002.40 

0 

0 

0 

37,958.98 

4 days  or  S2.00 

21-50 

7,360 

29,053.60 

2 days  or  SI  .00 

21-45 

2,960 

54,742.40 

0 

0 

0 

16,954.01 

0 

0 

0 

703.20 

2 


18 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  I — 


County 

Township 

Rate  on 
Property 

Rate  on 
Poll 

Total 
Amounts 
Obtained 
from 
Property 
and  Poll 
Taxes 

For  What  Used 

County 

Town- 

ship 

County 

Town- 

ship 

S .12 

$ .... 

8 0 

s 

S 10,000.00 

Int.  on  bonds  and 

bridges. __  

.20 

0 

6,993.00 

Rpr.  dirt  road 

Laurel  Hill  _ _ 

.33  J 

0 

*1,500.00 

and  repair 

.50! 

0 

*2,500.00 

Int.  sinking  fund 

and  repair 

.30 

0 

*8,500.00 

and  repair 

0 

*4,500.00 

and  repairs 

.10 

0 

5,631.00 

and  repair 

7,450.00 

Grading  and  rprs. 

.40 

1.20 

Meadows. 

.30 

1.05 

*20,000.00 

and  repair 

.40 

1.20 

0 

.20 

.60 

6,600.00 

.10 

0 

2,784.70 

Const,  and  rpr 

0 

15 -25c 

.45 

6,073.40 

0 

367.00 

Constr.  and  rpr... 

.25 

11,066.00 

Constr.  and  rpr.__ 

.14 

.17 

.51 

16,661.55 

and  repair 

.25 

70,749.41 

gen.  road  work 

and  bridges 

Cary.._ 

Cedar  Fork  

t .10 

3,812.66 

Rpr.  and  const... 

Middle  Creek.  _ _ _ 

Panther  Branch 

.25 

8,685.00 

Repr.  and  brdgs.. 

.25 

.75 

3,750.00 

Int.  and  snk.  fund 

.20 

.60 

10,000.00 

Constr.  and  rpr.  . 

.21f 

Constr.  and  rpr.  _ 

.10 

.30 

13,757.00 

Rpr.  dirt  roads  ... 

.20 

.60 

9,000.00 

Constr.  and  rpr... 

.10 

0 

6,292.00 

Rpr.  dirt  roads  ... 

.25 

32,284.00 

Repr..  constr.  and 

bridges  ........ 

.30 

.90 

*5,000.00 

Rpr.,  constr.  and 

bridges 

.40 

5,135.20 

Repair 

.15 

2,811 .00 

Repair 

1 

1 

SI, 782, 193. 15 

^Estimated.  tExtra. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  1ST  XOSTH  CAROLINA 


19 


Continued. 


Amount 

Other  Sources 

Totals 

Average 
Number  of 
Days  Worked 
Per  Man 

Age 

Limit 

Estimated 
Number 
Men 
Subject 
to  Labor 
Tax 

of  Auto 
Tax 

How  Derived 

Amount 

from  All 
Sources 

-S  2,500.00  \ 
1,500.00  / 

$ 14,493.60 

18—45 

3,000 

S 493.60 

6 

1,100.80 

8,093.80 

0 

0 

0 

*1,500.00 

*2,500.00 

*S,500.00 

*4,500.00 

702.60 

6,333.60 

4 

2H5 

1,060 

7,450.00 

216.80 

216.80 

6 

18-45 

2,000 

1 

20,200.00 

| 

200. 00J 
600.00 

526.00 

1,126.00 

6 

18-45 

2,000 

6,600.00 

20.00 

2,804.70 

4 

18-45 

1,500 

216.60 

Chain-gang  tax 

10  cents.  

2,536.70  ■ 

8,826.70 

4 days  or  $4.00 

18-45 

1,500 

128.40 

128.40 

6 

21-45 

1,500 

17.00 

384.00 

612.20 

200.00 

11,878.20 

6 

18-45 

3,500 

1,044.00 

3,519.40 

600.00 

18,305 .55 
77,911.81 

0 

0 

o 

Dog  tax. 

3,643.00 

0 

0 

0 

3,812.66 

619.60 

9,304.60 

0 

0 

o 

3,750.00 

398 .40 

10,398.40 

6 days  or  §2.00 
4 N.  R.,  8 O.  R. 

21-45 

500 

5.60 

5,601.90 

18-45 

1,500 

2,800 

1,542.00 

15,299.00 

6 

18-45 

Cent.  Hway.  tax 

500.00 

9,500.00 

149 .40 

3,000.00  1 

10 

18-45 

200.00  / 

9,641.40 

3,000 

1,590.40 

33,874.40 

0 

0 

o 

*5,000.00 

107.60 

5,242.80 

6 

18-45 

1,500 

3,000 

8.00 

2,819.00 

6 

18-45 

$76,173.40 

$221,271.73 

S2, 105, 238. 28 

121,225 

20  HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA  - , ' 

A review  of  this  table  shows  that  seventy-six  counties  have  levied 
a special  tax  for  road  work,  the  tax  being  levied  for  the' whole  county. 
The  greater  proportion  of  this  was  spent,  in  connection  with  the  labor 
tax,  in  the  repair  of  the  dirt  roads  of  the  counties.  As  a rule,  this 
money  is  not  spent  under  the  direction  of  a competent  road  engineer 
or  superintendent,  but  is  apportioned  among  the  townships  and  used 
to  employ  people,  unskilled  in  road  building,  who  live  along  the  road, 
to  work  at  such  times  as  their  crops  are  not  needing  them.  Thirty- 
seven  counties  have  from  one  to  twelve  townships  levying  special  road 
tax.  There  were  seventeen  counties  which  had  a county  road  tax, 
supplemented  by  special  township  taxes.  Twenty  counties  had  a poll 
tax  for  roads  and  forty-six  townships  in  twenty-eight  counties  re- 
ported a similar  tax.  Twelve  counties  reported  other  special  taxes 
used  for  road  work,  such  as  dog  tax,  railroad  tax,  Central  Highway  tax, 
chain-gang  tax,  etc.,  aggregating  $37,717.70  in  1914;  $76,173.40 
from  the  State  automobile  tax  was  reported  to  have  been  returned  to 
the  counties  to  be  used  on  the  roads.  During  1914,  $92,279  were  used 
in  forty-eight  counties  from  private  subscriptions  of  money,  labor, 
and  teams.  One  county  sold  railroad  stock  to  the  amount  of  $37,500, 
which  was  spent  on  the  public  roads  during  1914,  and  three  counties 
were  aided  by  the  expenditure  of  Federal  funds.  This  makes  a total 
of  $2,105,238.28  which  was  reported  to  have  been  spent  on  the  public 
roads  during  1914  from  taxes  of  various  kinds,  private  subscriptions, 
Federal  funds,  etc.  Of  this  amount,  it  was  reported  that  $312,300 
was  spent  for  interest  and  sinking  funds  on  bond  issues ; and  it  was 
estimated  that  $674,577.28  was  used  for  maintenance  or  upkeep  of 
the  public  roads,  $125,000  for  construction  and  repair  of  bridges,  and 
$316,628  for  the  construction  of  new  roads. 

In  addition  to  the  above  taxes,  sixty-seven  counties  have  a labor 
tax,  and  these  reported  during  1914  an  aggregate  of  121,225  men 
subject  to  this  tax  who  worked  on  an  average  5.17  days  each  during 
the  year,  making  a total  of  676,733  1-4  days  of  labor  put  on  the 
roads  in  these  counties  during  1914.  Valuing  this  labor  tax  at  $1  per 
day,  this  makes  an  additional  $676,733.25  spent  on  the  roads  during 
1914. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  KORTH  CAROLINA 


21 


Table  II 

County  and  Township  Expenditures  for  Roads  by  Bond  Issues 

This  table  gives  revenue  from  bond  issues.  These  bonds  are  issued 
either  as  county  bonds  or  township  bonds,  and  frequently  county  bonds 
are  supplemented  by  special  bond  issues  in  certain  of  its  townships. 

Column  1 gives  the  total  amount  of  bonds  by  counties  and  town- 
ships issued  to  January  1,  1913. 

Column  2 gives  date  of  sale  of  these  bonds. 

Column  3 gives  amount  of  bonds  voted  during  1913. 

Column  4 gives  amount  of  bonds  sold  during  1913. 

Column  5 gives  amount  of  bonds  voted  during  1914. 

Column  6 gives  amount  of  bonds  sold  during  1914. 

Column  7 gives  total  amount  of  bonds  issued  to  January  1,  1915. 


TABLE  II.  REVENUE  BY  BOND  ISSUES. 


22 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


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s ti  J3  o C3  S 

O fa  « P5  & S 


5 M = 
c t:  > 


2 o o 
fa  fa  >< 


I I 


g a 


fa  fa 


o o 


o 


Table  II 


24  HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


25 


o o o 


o o © o o 
o o o o o 
o o o o o 


o o o 
o o o 
o o o 


o o o 
o o o 
o o o 


O O O iO  o 


~ c 


o o o o o o 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o 


o o c 


o o 
o o 
o o 


o o o 


o o o 


o o 
o o 
o o 


o o o 
o o o 
o o »o 
o o~  cm" 


o o 
o o 

O G 


& § 


.2  ofe 
(-  _ 
c3  O ^ 

SZo 


& 3 
e o 
o *Z 

Cl 


& 1-^ 
o ^3 


o Q a s s -A 


a a 


5 3 


3 


S.  Whitakers,  R.  D ' 10,000  ' L | I ' I 10,000 


Table  II — Continued. 


26 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


n«it* 

<Oh 


o o o o 
c o o o 
«c  o o o 
r^-  o’  o’  o 


o o o o o o o 


»0  »f3  lO  to  O »0 
N IH  M 


5 o bo 

5‘xc~ 


0 0^2 

«>Q 


2Z2-— c ° 

:’o  bo 

3”Q" 


o o ^ ^ 

m>p 


c s «s 
° g 32 

pq  m c 


oooooooo 


■m  = cc  j= 
§°  - M 


-a 

t- 

1 “ 
g C3 


£ « 


5 2 


s s a ® s 


2 b « 

32  J §• 

§ = I 

si* 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


27 


28 


HIGHWAY  WOEK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


A review  of  this  table  shows  that  up  to  January  1,  1915,  21  coun- 
ties and  120  townships  had  issued  or  voted  bonds  amounting  to 
$8,961,800;  that  of  these,  3 counties  and  36  townships  voted  bonds 
during  1914,  amounting  to  $1,065,500.  In  1913  there  were  $2,338.- 
800  in  bonds  sold,  and  during  1914  $2,345,000  worth  of  bonds  were 
sold  by  7 counties  and  55  townships. 


Table  III 

Classified  Bond  Mileage. 

This  table  gives  road  mileage  by  counties. 

Column  1 gives,  by  counties,  the  total  number  of  miles  of  public- 
roads  in  the  State.  These  figures  are  only  approximately  correct. 

Column  2 gives  by  counties  the  total  number  of  miles  of  macadam 
roads  in  the  State. 

Column  3 gives  the  number  of  miles  of  macadam  roads  constructed 
in  the  various  counties  during  1914. 

Column  4 gives,  by  counties,  the  total  number  of  miles  of  sand- 
clay  or  topsoil  roads  in  the  State. 

Column  5 gives,  by  counties,  the  number  of  miles  of  sand-clay 
or  topsoil  roads  built  during  1914. 

Column  6 gives,  by  counties,  the  total  number  of  miles  of  gravel 
roads  in  the  State. 

Column  7 gives,  by  counties,  the  number  of  miles  of  gravel  road 
built  during  1914. 

Column  8 gives,  by  counties,  the  total  number  of  miles  of  specially 
surfaced  road  (including  bituminous  macadam,  asphalt  macadam, 
Tarvia,  and  concrete  roads)  in  the  State. 

Column  9 gives  the  number  of  miles  of  specially  surfaced  road  built 
during  1914. 

Column  10  gives  the  kinds  of  surfacing  material  used  in  columns  S 
and  9. 

Column  11  gives,  bv  counties,  the  total  number  of  miles  of  road 
graded  and  shaped  but  not  surfaced. 

Column  12  gives  the  number  of  miles  of  road  graded  but  not  sur- 
faced during  1914. 

Column  13  gives,  by  counties,  the  number  of  miles  of  unimproved 
dirt  road. 


TABLE  III.  CLASSIFIED  HOAD  MILEAGE  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA  DURING  1914. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  NORTH  CAROLINA 


29 


PT?°H  Via 
paAOidinpijq 
sa|ij\[  jaqin’njsj 


OO-'fOOvOC-'fC^O  OC5COO®aO©«©OOU3»«OCOT-iQr*- 
O OO  O O O Cl  OO  t"—  CO  O vOOO»OOr^C5COCii— 'OOCOOOCCCICQO 

(N^^NHcocoionrH-coococo 


II6I  ni  paoBj 

-jug  %o^  jnq 
P0PBJQ  pBO>£ 
sappj  -laqumN 


paoBjang  jo^ 

1nq  pop^O 

pBop[  sapn 
laqumjq  pnox 


O N (N  N 


lO  O VO  VO 


pBOH 

paaBjing 

ApBiaadg 

jo  puix 


3 E 


N6I  lima  pno^ 

paOBJJUg  ApBIO 

-adg  jo  sapj\[ 
jo  jaqinnjq; 


SpBO^J 

paoBjing  ApBio 
-adg  jo  saniM 
jaqmn^  iBjo.p 


=pi6i  upa 

J9ABJQ 

sapH  laqranjs^ 


I3ABIQ 
jo  sapj\[  jo 
jaquin^  jbjox 


LI6I  KPS 
jiosdox  paB 

ABJO-piIBg  jo 
sapj\[  jaqum^r 


jiosdox 
pus  Abjd 
-puBgsapj^ 
jaquin^  jbjox 


ii6i  upa 

mBpBOBJ\[ 

sapj\[  jaqinu^T 


pBoy 
UIBpBDB J\[  Sapj\[ 

jaqinnsj  jbjox 


Pboh  opqnx 

sapx\[  Jaquin^j 


OOOOtQiOCOOOOO 

, — , i i — ■ , — . r*-.  . — rx  is  ;s  ~ j— ' 


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2 1 


UOOOCOGOOOUGoa 


*Estimated 


Table  III — Continued. 


30 


HIGHWAY  AVORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


pBoy;  via 

pOAOJClUIIUfl 

S0IIH  aaquinjq 


£ 1 s s 1 s lllp!l!SSl#liliI»ail 


^161  UT  P90^J 
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pap^JQ  p'BO'^J 

S9ITK  -laqtan^j 


o o © r-~  o 


pao'Bjmg  jo>j 
jriq  pap^jQ 
puo^j  sajij\[ 
jaquiriM  I^X 


© © o >o  © © »o 


S?  g ** 


2S§§ 


S C M S ° - 


s s 


P^OH 
paaBjjng 
Ajpnoadg 
jo  pui\[ 


3 e 


H PQ 


fm  upa  p^°h 

paoBjing  jCjjbio 
-adg  jo  sajx j\[ 
jo  jaquiri^ 


P'BOU 
paoBjang 
q'Bioadg  jo  sa]ij4 
jaqinn^  j'Bjox 


*161  upa 

joabiq 
sajij\[  aaquin^j 


jaA^jQ 
jo  sapp\[  jo 
jaqranjq  jbjox 


O I to 


2 g 


mi  *iTna 

jiosdox  pu'B 

A'Bjo-pn'eg  jo 
sajij,\r  .iaquin^ 


M N O i to 


£ g 3 


SSSS2  : g 


§ ^ § g g 55 


posdoj, 

puu  AT3\D 
-pu'Gg  sapj\[ 
jaqum^r  jbjox 


§ g s g 


?S2§S2 


|^g§5 


net  upa 

UIBpEOEJ^ 
sapM  jaqran^j 


pEOH 

nrepEDEW  S3]tJ\i 

jaquinjvj  pnox 


S : g 


pBOH  oqqnj 
S3]ti\[  jaquivi^ 


ISIiill  11 1 11111111 1111 1 111 IS 


mill 

Snfa  oouooo 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


31 


= § 3 


CO  10  1-0 


3 10  2 ? 2 S | 


w io  o n o o m 


2 g 2 g " § 2 g ^ 


S 3 


r 1 ° 1 


0<MOif5»0>pOO 


"gr 


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S3 


S 2 § S M S S f 


S 3 


£ S 


lo  o o 


1§ 


sgss 


? i i 8 

: : 


gipliiiiB&IiliiiiliililllllSIipliiilsp! 


Table  III — Continued. 


32 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


PBOH  <HJ<3 

paAOJduiiujq 

saHH  •isqtanjq; 

*490 

849 

700 

300 

60 

40,549.75 

H6I  pao'BJ 
-mg  %o&  *nq 
papBIQ  pBO^J 
salIH  -iaqranj^ 

*20 

50 

1,290.5 

pao-epng  ^joj^[ 
jnq  papBiQ 
pBOH  sapp\[ 
jaqum^;  ppox 

*300 

150 

40 

4,181.5 

p^op; 

paacj-ing 

Aqcioadg 

jo  pni >f 

H6i  upa  puoa 
paoBjjng  Ajjbio 
,-3dg  JO  S3[JW 
JO  laqumjq 

15.25 

pBOap3313J-Hlg/?J 

-{Bioadg  jo  sappi 
laqran^  p?jox 

56.25 

j'lci  Ji^a: 

jaABIQ 
sapH  jaqran^j 

S’ 

3 

J3ABJQ 
jo  sajip[  JO 

jaqxnn^j  pnox 

o 

- 

CM 

O 

^161  JTPa 

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^BjO-pUBg  JO 

sajij\[  jaqtunjq 

o 

»o 

C5 

CO 

1,619.5 

jtosdox 

put?  iCBp 
-pnng  sajrj\[ 
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o 

o 

<M 

to 

CO 

4,363.5 

rai  Ji^a 

III'BpBO'B  J\[ 

sapK  Jaqinn^j 

»i|o 

PBOH 
UlUpBOBJ^  sajlj,\[ 
jaqran^  [ipox 

1,105 

pBoa  oqqnc[ 
saHH  •raquinj^ 

*1,000 

1,000 

800 

300 

80 

50,758 

County 

Wayne I 

js; 

i£ 

Wilson 

Yadkin.. 

Yancey 

Totals 

HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


33 


A review  of  this  table  shows  that  the  total  mileage  of  public  roads 
reported  for  1914  was  50,758  miles,  of  which  there  were  1,105  miles 
of  macadam,  4,3631/2  miles  of  sand-clay  or  topsoil;  502  miles  of 
gravel;  56%  miles  of  specially  surfaced  (concrete  bituminous  ma- 
cadam, asphalt  macadam,  etc.)  ; and  4,1811/0  miles  of  road  graded 
but  not  surfaced.  This  makes  a total  of  10,208%  miles  of  surfaced 
and  improved  road  in  the  State,  as  reported  for  1914.  Of  this  mile- 
age of  improved  road,  the  following  were  constructed  during  1914: 

48  1-6  miles  macadam, 

1,619  1-2  miles  sand-clay  or  topsoil, 

211  miles  of  gravel, 

15  1-4  miles  of  specially  surfaced, 

1,290  1-2  miles  of  graded  hut  not  surfaced. 

This  leaves  40, 549%  miles  of  unimproved  dirt  roads  in  the  State. 


3 


34 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  IV 

Use  of  Convict  Labor  in  Road  Construction  During  191 b 

This  table  gives  the  counties  which  use  short-term  prisoners  on 
their  own  public  roads  and  the  counties  which  lease  their  convicts 
for  road  work  to  other  counties.  In  a few  instances  the  State,  through 
special  enactment,  has  undertaken  to  build  certain  roads  with  convict 
labor. 

Column  1 gives  the  average  number  of  convicts,  by  counties,  used 
on  the  public  roads  during  1914. 

Column  2 gives  the  names  of  counties  to  whom  other  counties  leased 
their  convicts  during  1914. 

Column  3 gives  the  average  cost  per  day  of  guarding,  feeding,  and 
general  care  of  convicts. 

Column  4 gives  the  number  of  State  convicts  used  in  road  work,  by 
counties.  The  General  Assembly  of  1913  passed  an  act  by  which 
any  county  or  township  or  good  roads  district  may  obtain  State  con- 
victs by  making  application  for  them  and  by  having  their  plans  fur- 
nished or  approved  by  the  State  Geological  and  Economic  Survey. 
Eoads  built  by  such  labor  must  be  under  the  direction  of  the  State 
Geological  and  Economic  Survey. 

Column  5 gives  the  opinions  of  those  making  the  reports  in  regard 
to  the  effect  of  such  work  upon  the  convict  and  its  value  to  the  counties 
or  the  State. 

Column  6 gives  the  estimated  value  in  money  of  the  convict  labor 
used  on  the  roads,  estimating  the  number  of  days  worked  at  200  and 
the  value  per  day  per  convict  at  $1.25. 


TABLE  IV.  USE  OF  CONVICT  LABOR  IN  ROAD  CONSTRUCTION  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA  DURING  1914. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


35 


I ID  c! 

■-8  3.3 

“ d d'-'1” 

w a>-s ' 


ISO 
rG  o 

O +3 


I 35 

G +3 

o & 

> s 

o > 

bflpq 

o 

ft  d 


■5  £ 


o xs 
O H 


+?  G 

o3  o o g 
^0'>  3 
£ 


QQ 


0)  n ‘ fcfi  - 

r~.  " k.  'O  •-<  o 
G <2  u -3 
►>  cn  G d <D  H 

cowo^ 


l-l 

_ a 

T3  o 

ex 

^2 


S.  F= 


O Ph  o 


O ^ i & ^ 

° °.a  “ 
^ o >o 


c "2 


j3J2=§-5£gH5J3g3 


2 <3  § g s 

i (*  T3  o 2 

J 2 a t,  I 


Currituck. 


T able  IV — Continued. 


36 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


HIGHWAY  WORK  1ST  XORTH  CAROLINA 


37 


Table  IV — Continued. 


38 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


a$3o-^o-sh>> 

o n y—i  cp  o3 
^ ci  ciO-r  ^e/?p.A 


O O O O'  o 
o o o o 


»o  O 10 
t'-  LT  r>» 

Cl  CC  »— I 


o 

» "2 
t:  ^ 
o o 
£0 


c ^ 


J3  -— 

H H 


a .t: 
S - 


a -S 


O W 


H o 


>.  .£ 


^ C c 

h £ a 


5 o-g  a 

So-^i 


bfi  - 
hD 

- * S3  , 


ts-p.  w 
r?  «-<T3 
ci  o>H 


^ OQ  3 i 

<Owo^ 


CO  CO  o 


T3  o 
g>J3 

ci  ^ 


P3  O 


S So**  g£  ® 

> o °-^  03 

-5  sZ  O >P 


Cl  ri<  t-~ 


Ph  Ph  Ph 


o -0  ° ^ 
.2  o c o 

P3  K P$ 


a J3  -?  c3  _ 

| O S -g  t S 

ci  o -+j  “ > 

02  02  02  02  02  02  \ 


S 5 © u _c 


Wayne 35  .65  Better  than  hired  labor 8,750 

Wilkes... Catawba... Would  be  good  plan... 

W'ilson 55  .50  Think  they  should  be  so  employed 13,750 

Yadkin.. 

Yancey... 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


39 


40 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN'  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  IV  gives  data  in  regard  to  the  use  of  convict  labor  on  the 
public  roads  in  1914.  This  shows  that  there  were  1,888  short-term 
convicts  used  by  the  counties  during  1914  and  155  State  convicts. 
Thirty-one  counties  leased  their  convicts  to  other  counties  for  use 
on  public  roads.  The  average  cost  for  guarding,  feeding,  and  general 
care  of  a convict  ranges  from  45  cents  to  $1  per  day.  Estimating 
the  value  of  the  convict  labor  at  $1.25  per  day  per  man  and  the  num- 
ber of  days  worked  during  the  year  at  200,  gives  the  total  value  of  con- 
vict labor  for  1914  of  $460,250. 


Table  V 

What  Was  Spent  on  Roads  in  1911  and  Hoic  It  Was  Spent 

In  this  table  is  brought  together  the  revenue  from  all  sources  (in- 
cluding taxes,  subscriptions,  bond  issues,  labor  tax,  convict  labor, 
etc.)  used  on  the  public  roads  during  1914.  Hone  of  the  counties 
have  kept  exact  figures  in  all  cases  as  to  the  proportion  of  bond  issues 
spent  during  this  year,  but  it  is  believed  that  the  figures  given  are 
fairly  accurate.  In  this  table  is  also  given  the  number  of  miles  of 
road  surfaced  and  graded,  together  with  estimated  cost  per  mile  of 
such  improvements.  Along  with  this  statement  is  worked  out  the 
total  amount  spent  in  road  construction  during  1914  and  an  estimated 
statement  as  to  the  amount  spent  in  the  maintenance  or  upkeep  of  all 
the  public  roads  during  1914. 

Column  1 gives  the  funds  from  all  sources  except  bond  issues.  This 
is  given  entirely  by  counties,  but  in  many  instances  the  sums  given 
represent  money  raised  by  special  taxes  in  certain  townships.  This, 
however,  is  given  in  detail  in  Table  I. 

Column  2 gives  the  estimated  proportion  of  funds  raised  from  bond 
issues  spent  during  1914.  This  is  given  by  counties  and  townships. 

Column  3 gives  the  estimated  value  of  the  free-labor  tax,  valuing 
it  at  $1  per  day  per  man. 

Column  4 gives  the  estimated  value  of  convict  labor  as  worked  out 
in  Table  IV. 

Column  5 gives  the  total  amounts  from  all  sources  spent  on  road 
work  in  1914. 

Column  6 gives  the  number  of  miles  of  macadam  road  built  in 
1914,  and  column  Y gives  the  cost  per  mile  of  this  type  of  road. 

Column  8 gives  the  number  of  miles  of  sand-clay  or  topsoil  road 
built  in  1914,  and  column  9 the  cost  of  this  type  of  road  per  mile. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


41 


Column  10  gives  the  number  of  miles  of  gravel  road  built  in  1914 
and  column  11  the  cost  per  mile. 

Column  12  gives  the  number  of  miles  of  specially  surfaced  road 
(including  asphalt  macadam,  bituminous  macadam,  concrete,  etc.) 
built  in  1914,  and  column  13  gives  the  cost  per  mile  of  these  types 
of  road. 

Column  14  gives  the  number  of  miles  of  road  graded  but  not  sur- 
faced during  1914,  and  column  15  gives  the  cost  per  mile  for  grading. 

Column  16  gives  the  estimated  total  cost  of  roads  graded  and  sur- 
faced during  1914. 

Column  17  gives  the  estimated  amount  spent  on  maintenance  r ad 
repair  during  1914. 

Columns  16  and  17  do  not  represent  all  the  money  given  in  column 
5,  as  in  many  instances  a certain  amount  of  the  road  tax  is  used  for 
interest  and  sinking  fund  on  bond  issues  and  in  some  instances  for 
bridge  building  or  bridge  maintenance. 


42 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


TABLE  V.  WHAT  WAS  SPENT  ON  ROADS 


County 

(Bond  Issues) 
Township 

Funds  from 
All  Sources 
Except  Bond 
Issues 

Estimated 
Funds  from 
Bond  Issues 

Estimated 
Value  Labor 
Tax  at  $1.00 
Per  Day 

Estimated 
Value  of  Con- 
vict Labor  at 
$1.25  Per  Day 

Total  Amounts 
Spent 

Number  Miles 
Macadam 
Built  in  1914 

$ 19,033.98 

s 

S 6,000 

3 25,033.98 

Alexander...  __ 

131.60 

9,000 

9,131.60 

1,000.00 

1,000.00 

501 .60 

9,800 

10,301.60 

23,677.40 

12,000 

7,500 

43,177.40 

Ashe  __  

20.00 

8,000 

8,029.00 

4,508.00 

4,508.00 

9,159.03 

25,000 

3,600 

7,500 

25,259.03 

14,580.98 

12,000 

1,250 

27,830.98 

6,625.60 

6,625.60 

5,000 

5,000.00 

5,000 

5,000.00 

5,600.40 

5,600.40 

10,000 

10,000.00 

5,000 

5,000.00 

5,000 

5,000.00 

Buncombe.  __  _ 

61,424.16 

50,000 

11,340 

37,500 

92,764.16 

Burke... 

11,375  64 

11,375.64 

10,000 

10,000.00 

32,080  60 

25,000 

7,500 

64,580.60 

Caldwell.  

2,639.40 

18,000 

20,639.40 

Camden  _ 

60.00 

6,000 

6,060.00 

5,787.60 

5,787.60 

5,000 

4,800 

9,800.00 

5,000 

5,000.00 

Caswell.  _ __  _ 

5,412.80 

6,000 

11,412.80 

Catawba 

27,214.05 

27,214.05 

10,000 

10,000.00 

10,000 

10,000.00 

Chatham. 

10,124.56 

9,000 

19,124.56 

Cherokee.  _ __  _ 

25,105.60 

3,600 

28,705.60 

40,000 

40,000.00 

5 

Chowan  

5,831.80 

5,831.80 

Clay __  __ 

1,113  00 

1,200 

2,313.00 

Cleveland 

23,852.20 

23,852.20 

No.  4 _ _ 

10,000 

10,000.00 

15,000 

15,000.00 

No.  7 

5,000 

5,000.00 

No.  8.  ..  __ 

5,000 

5,000.00 

Columbus  _ _ 

13,775.40 

24,000 

8,750 

46,525.40 

Craven.  . 

29,579  40 

6,250 

35,829  40 

Cumberland 

26,872  00 

26,872.00 

Currituck  ...  __ 

143.60 

5,000 

5,143.60 

Dare 

61  60 

3,000 

3,061.60 

Davidson.. 

23,217.00 

6,000 

5,000 

34.217.00 

Davie 

22,708.13 

120,000* 

142,708.13  

Duplin.. 

5,604.40 

18,000 

23,604.40  

7,500* 

7.500 .00  

Durham.  

50,123.34 

17,000 

67.123.34 

1 

Edgecombe 

31,882.13 

10,000 

41,882.13  

Forsyth...  . 

88,390  69 

25,000 

32,500 

145,S90.69  

Franklin...  _ _ 

21,157.20 

6,250 

27,407.20  

20,000 

20,000.00  

Bouisburg 

40,000 

40,000.00  

*Esti  mated. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


43 


DURING  1914,  AND  HOW  IT  WAS  SPENT. 


Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Sand-Clay  and 
Topsoil  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Gravel  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Specially  Sur- 
faced, 1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Graded  but  Not  1 
Surfaced,  1914  1 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Estimated 
Total  Cost  of 
Roads  Graded 
and  Surfaced 
in  1914 

Estimated 
Amount  Spent 
in  Mainte- 
nance and 
Repair  During 
1914 

$ 

-S  _ 

S 

5 

8 500 

S 2,500 

5 11,533.98 
10,131.60 

9.901.60 
20,562.40 

8,020.00 

4,508.00 

23,659.03 

25,330.98 

3.125.60 

19 

200-350 

15 

600 

13 

600 

22,015 

2 

5 

3 

800* 

300* 

500* 

1,600 

1,500 

11,500 

20’ 

10* 

10* 

500* 

500* 

500* 

20 

900 

18,000 

3,100.40 

4 
6 
6 

20 

5 

1,000 

1,000* 

1,000* 

1,500 

1,200* 

27.5 

2,000 

59.000 

10.000 

33,764.16 

9,075.64 

5 

10 

1,000 

800 

35.000 

14.000 

29.580.60 
6,639.40 
6,060.00 

12.587.60 

10 

500 

7 

200 

6,400 

- 

. 11,412.80 
1,222.05 

25 

1,050 

10 

800 

34,250 

4 

800 

3,200 

38,410 

15,924.56 

10,795.60 

5 

5 

1,850 

1,850 

2 

2 

3,080 

3,080 

4,600 

5,831.80 

2,313.00 

2,852.20 

30 

1,000 

30,000 

25 

350 

125 

15 

200 

750 

33,750 

11,250 

21,000 

8,775.40 

24.577.40 
5,872.00 

5.143.60 

3.061.60 
23,717.00 
10,708.13 

21.604.40 

35 

600 

3 

57 

10 

1,000* 

2,000 

400-1,000 

10 

10 

10 

750 

800 

50 

10,500 

122,000 

7,500 

5,000 

, 7 

2,250 

5 

2,800* 

7 

10 

10 

5 

1,500-2,000 

500 

1,000 

500 

47.000 

10.000 
78,000 
62,500 

18,123.34 

31,882.13 

28,890.69 

11,007.20 

5 

20 

50 

1,000* 

1,800 

500 

4 

5 

8,000* 

2,000* 

1,000 

44 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN'  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  V — 


County 

(Bond  Issues) 
Township 

Funds  from 
All  Sources 
Except  Bond 
Issues 

Estimated 
Funds  from 
Bond  Issues 

Estimated 
Value  Labor 
Tax  at  SI  .00 
Per  Dav 

Estimated 
Value  of  Con- 
vict Labor  at 
SI. 25  Per  Day 

Total  Amounts 
Spent 

Gaston___  ___  _ 

$ 43,757  00 

•S 

s 

S 12,500 

Gates.. 

1,796.98 

1,796.08 

6,500 

6,500.00 

Graham  

5,133.00 

5,133.00 

Cheoah 

3,000 

3,000.00 

Granville  

30,244.27 

12,000 

42,244.27 

Greene __ 

11,105.26 

12,000 

2,250 

Bulls  Head  .. 

6,000 

6,000.00 

Hookertown 

3,000 

3,000.00 

Township.  J 

3,000 

3,000.00 

6,000 

6,000.00 

6,000 

6,000.00 

Shine _ 

3,000 

3,000.00 

Snow  Hill 

6,000 

6,000.00 

Guilford..  ...  .. 

89,708.00 

19,000 

108, 70S. 00 

Halifax...  _ 

33,924.60 

41,424.60 

40,000 

40,000.00 

Halifax 

60,000 

60,000.00 

Harnett...  

9,698.40 

9,000 

2,500 

21,198.40 

Black  River. __ 

2,500 

2,500.00 

Haywood _ 

18,374.20 

18,000 

5,500 

41,874.20 

10,000 

10,000.00 

Henderson 

10,584.40 

25,000 

3,000 

14,500 

53.0S4.40 

12,000 

12,000.00  ' 

Hendersonville  .. 

50,000 

50,000.00 

Hertford.  . ___ 

13,149  00 

15,000 

28,149.00 

Hoke 

7,969  20 

10,000 

17,969.20 

Hyde 

1,739  29 

1,739.29 

Iredell 

41,401  51 

50,000 

98,651 .51 

Jackson ... 

9,134  00 

S.000 

17,134.00 

15,000 

15,000.00 

Dillsboro 

15,000 

15,000.00 

Sylva 

30,000 

30,000.00 

Johnston  _ 

36,349.24 

lO.SOO 

5,000 

52,149.24 

25,000 

25,000.00 

Jones  . .. 

7,478  79 

2,000 

9.47S.79 

Lee  ...  . 

8,951  60 

40,000 

48,951.60 

Lenoir..  __ 

54,332  12 

12,500 

66,822.12 

Lincoln  ._ 

12,449  20 

90,000* 

102,449.20 

Macon  _ 

8,456.08 

6,000 

14,456.05 

Franklin  __ 

40,000* 

40,000.00 

McDowell..  . 

21,930.59 

12,000 

33,930.59 

Marion 

25,000 

25,000.00 

Nebo 

5,000 

5,000.00  . 

20,000 

20,000.00 

Madison  __  _ 

10,922.70 

130,000 

9.000 

149,922.70 

Martin..  _ 

10,666.63 

10.200 

20.S36.63 

R.obersonville..  . 

9,000 

9,000.00  . 

Williamston ._ 

5,000 

5,000.00  . 

Mecklenburg 

135,419  40 

8,000 

25,000 

165,419.40 

Mitchell.  . ... 

11,000.00 

4,400 

15,400.00 

9,000 

9,000.00  . 

Montgomery 

22,609.89 

S,000 

30,609.89  |_ 

Number  Miles 
M acadain 
Built  in  1914 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


45 


Continued. 


Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Sand-Clay  and 
Topsoil  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Gravel  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Specially  Sur- 
faced, 1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Graded  but  Not 
Surfaced,  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Estimated 
Total  Cost  of 
Roads  Graded 
and  Surfaced 
in,  1914 

Estimated 
Amount  Spent 
in  Mainte- 
nance and 
Repair  During 
1914 

$3,000-4,000 

14 

700-1,250 

-3 

$.  _ 

S 41,650 
6,530 

S 14,607.00 
1,716.08 

2D 

223 

2 

1,500 

3,000 

5,133.00 

10 

40 

250-1,500 

800 

8,750 

32,000 

15,894.27 
15, 155.26 

40 

55 

1,000* 

1,300 



40,000 

90,600 

36,168.00 

40,824.60 

6 

2,100 

10 

600-700 

10 

1,000* 

5 

600* 

13,000 

10,698.40 

4,000* 

2 

2,000* 

20,000 

31,874.20 

60 

300-1,000 

35 

500 

71,500 

27,584.40 

28.149.00 
2,969.20 
1,739.29 

14,651.51 

17.134.00 

25 

500 

25 

100 

15,000 

40 

1,650 

66,000 

60,000 

20 

3,000* 

50 

500 

10* 

200* 

27,000 

42,149.24 

4 
20 
30 
50* 

5 

500 

1,000 

1,000 

1,500* 

1,800* 

2,000 

42.500 

30.000 

95.000 

41.500 

5,478.79 

451.60 

36,822.12 

1,449.20 

7,956.08 

15 

1,500 

20* 

11 

6 

3 

1,000* 

1,500* 

4,000* 

36 

20 

6 

10 

4 

55 

15 

40 

30 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000* 

2,000* 

3,000* 

250* 

600-5,500 

81,150 

12,000.00 

60 

5 

2,000* 

50* 

132,000 

14,000 

9,000.00 

16,866.63 

4,000 

1,500 

125,000 

9,000 

43,419.40 

15,400.00 

3 

3,000 

15 

150 

20 

200 

25 

50 

7,500 

21,609.89 

46 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  V — 


County 

(Bond  Issues) 
Township 

Funds  from 
All  Sources 
Except  Bond 
Issues 

Estimated 
Funds  from 
Bond  Issues 

Estimated 
Value  Labor 
Tax  at  SI. 00 
Per  Day 

Estimated 
Value  of  Con- 
vict Labor  at 
SL 25  Per  Day 

Total  Amounts 
Spent 

Number  Miles 
Macadam 
Built  in  1914 

$ 22,844.20 

8 

S 22,844.20 

3,900 

3,900.00 

7,000 

7,000.00 

41,452.60 

15,250 

56,702.60 

10,000 

10,000.00 

25,000 

25,000.00 

30,000 

30,000.00 

17,449,60 

40,000* 

25,000 

57,449.60 

16.S40.80 

8,100 

5,000 

29,940.80 

8,000 

8.000.00 

4,000 

4,000.00 

4,550.20 

4,800 

9,350.20 

2,000 

2,000.00 

20,171.20 

215,000 

235,171.20 

3.8S4.00 

5,440 

9,324.00 

10,420.07 

5,000 

7,500 

22.920.07 

7,382 ,0u 

11,200 

18,582.00 

13,589.41 

13,589.41 

12,515.40 

2,000 

14,515.40 

24,533.40 

10,000 

11,250 

46,783.40 

40,000 

40,000.00 

Polk 

10,100.00 

96,000 

4,000 

110,100.00 

63,249.80 

14,400 

2,500 

80,149.89 

32,002.40 

6,000 

10,000 

48,002.40 

29,440 

15,000 

82,398.98 

29,053.60 

30,000 

.5,920 

15,000 

79,973.60 

54,742.40 

22,500 

77.242.40 

3 

16,954.01 

260,000 

276,954.01 

14,493.60 

25,000 

IS, 000 

5,000 

62,493.60 

25,093.80 

10,000 

35,093.80 

13,783.60 

4,240 

6,250 

’4,273.60 



20,416.80 

12,000 

32,410.89 

15,000 

15,000.00 

40,000 

40,000.00 

50,000 

50,090.00 

7,726.00 

12,000 

19,726.00 

58,000 

58,000.00 

2,804.70 

6,000 

8.S04.70 

8,S26.70 

6,000 

2,500 

17,326.70 

512.40 

9.000 

9,512.40 

22,265.75 

21,000 

7,500 

50,765.75 

2 

18,305.55 

100,000 

81,724.47 

19,750 

101,474 .47 

13,054.60 

3,500 

17,000 

17.000.00 

10,398.40 

3,000 

1,750 

15,148.40 

5,601.90 

9,000 

14,601.90 

24,799.00 

16,800 

50.349.00 

54,000 

54,000.00 

9,641.40 

30,000 

39,641  40 

38,874.40 

13,750 

52,624.40 

5,242.80 

9,000 

14, 242. SO 

2,819.00 

54,000 

IS, 000 

74.S19.00 

Totals- 

2,044,738.28 

2,422,400 

591, 0S0 

460,250 

5, 406, 945. IS 

*4 

HIGHWAY  AVORK  IN  KOETH  CAROLINA 


47 


Continued. 


Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Sancl-Clay  or 
Topsoil  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Gravel  Built 
in  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Specially  Sur- 
faced, 1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Number  Miles 
Graded  but  Not 
Surfaced,  1914 

Cost  Per  Mile 

Estimated 
Total  Cost  of 
Roads  Graded 
and  Surfaced 
in  1914 

Estimated 
Amount  Spent 
in  Mainte- 
nance and 
Repair  During 
1914 

s 

20 

$ 300* 

5 

•S  200* 

S 10,900 

$ 15,344.20 

13 

29 

300 

800-1,000* 



10 

1,800* 

125 

400-500* 

100,350 

21,352.60 

25 

4 

5 

800-1,000 

2,000* 

2 

1,800* 

14 

9 

400-500* 

1,362 

5,100 

41,828 

12,000 

15,621.60 

29,940.80 

10 

1,200 

- --  - 

5 

400 

2,000 

9,350.20 

61 

3,000 

4 

3,000* 

12 

1,600 

214,200 

4,971.20 

9.324.00 
22,920.07 

9.582.00 
12,714.41 

7,015.40 

17,408.40 

18 

500* 

9,000 

875 

7,500 

45,000 

25 

35 

5 

45 

1,500* 

850-1,000 

3 

2,300 

45 

5 

10 

5 

10 

20 

250 

2,000 

250-350 

100 

500* 

1,200 

800 

1,000* 

96,900 

39.000 

21.000 

37.500 
12,000 

55.000 
271,000 

17.500 

21.000 
18,300 

102,500 

4,000.00 

41,149.80 

27.002.40 
44,S98.9S 
67,973.60 

22.242.40 
5,954.01 

18,000.00 

8,093.80 

5,973.60 

12,000.00 

75 

10 

500 

500 

30 

35 

500 

1,000* 

3,000 

25 

14 

35 

40 

3* 

65 

1,200 

1,500* 

500 

500 

2,100* 

1,500 

5 

8 

5* 

200 

1,500 

1,000* 

30 

1,750 

- 

15 

1,250 

58,750 

18,976.00 

2* 

5* 

1,800* 

1,800* 

3* 

5* 

6 

8 

1,200* 

1,200* 

50 

1,000 

7,200 

15,000 

300 

12,200 

100,400 

27,500 

17,050 

1.604.70 

2.326.70 
9,212.40 

38,565.75 

17,905.55 

73,974.47 

1,604.60 

2,100 

80 

25 

15} 

1,255 

300 

1,100 

30 

300 

it 

8,800 

10* 

200. 

50* 

50 

4,500 

10,648.40 

14,601.90 

49,849.00 

50 

750 

5 

1,000* 

20 

600 

54,500 

50 

500* 

25,000 

9,000 

14.641.40 

43.624.40 
14,242.80 

7,419.00 

9 

1,000 

3 

4,200 

17 

3,200 

67,000 

1,61?} 

211 

15} 

1,290.5 

3,199,278 

1,690,30  : 

48 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Table  V gives  a general  statement  in  regard  to  expenditures  on 
roads  during  1914  from  all  sources  and  what  was  accomplished  with 
these  expenditures.  This  table  shows  that  there  was  a total  expendi- 
ture from  all  sources  (taxes,  bond  issues,  labor  tax,  and  convict  labor) 
during  1914  of  $5,406,945.18,  of  which  $2,044,738.28  was  the  ex- 
penditure from  all  sources  except  bond  issues.  There  were  $2,422,400 
from  bond  issues,  and  it  is  estimated  that  $591,080  of  free  labor  and 
$460,250  convict  labor  were  used  in  road  work  during  1914. 

This  table  also  gives  the  mileage  of  surfaced  and  graded  road 
obtained  from  this  expenditure,  and  shows  that  during  1914  there 
were  48  1-6  miles  of  macadam  road  constructed  at  an  average  cost 
of  $3,923  per  mile;  1,6191/2  miles  of  sand-clay  or  topsoil  at  an  aver- 
age cost  of  $1,180  per  mile;  211  miles  of  gravel  road  at  an  average 
cost  of  $2,113  per  mile;  15^4  miles  of  specially  surfaced  road  at  an 
average  cost  of  $5,150  per  mile;  1,2901/2  miles  of  road  graded  at  an 
average  cost  of  $1,002  per  mile. 

It  is  estimated  that  $3,199,298  were  spent  in  surfacing  and  grading 
these  roads  during  1914,  and  $1,690,307.59  in  the  maintenance  and 
repair  of  the  dirt  and  surfaced  roads.  Cost  data,  whether  for  con- 
struction or  maintenance,  have  not  been  kept  by  any  of  the  counties 
up  to  the  present  time. 


HIGHWAY  WOEK  IN  NOETH  CAEOLINA 


49 


Table  YI 

Statement  by  Counties  and  Townships  as  to  Administrative  Boards 
and  Systems  of  Maintenance 

Column  1 gives  tlie  name  of  the  hoard  which  controlled  road  mat- 
ters during  1914,  by  counties  and  townships. 

Column  2 gives  the  manner  in  which  the  public  roads  of  the  various 
counties  and  townships  are  maintained. 

Column  3 gives,  by  counties,  the  estimated  amount  of  tax  money, 
value  of  free  labor,  etc.,  used  in  the  maintenance  or  repair-  of  the 
public  roads  during  1914. 

Column  4 states  whether  or  not  the  splitdog  drag  is  used  in  main- 
tenance work,  and  what  other  implements  were  used. 

Column  5 gives  the  sentiment  in  the  county  as  reported  as  to  use 
of  wide  tires. 


4 


TABLE  VI.  ADMINISTRATION  AND  MAINTENANCE. 


50  HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


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Table  VI — Continued. 


52  HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  NORTH  CAROLINA 


None  apparent. 


HIGHWAY  WORK  IK  XOKTH  CAROLES' A 


53 


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Table  VI — Continued. 


54 


HIGHWAY  WOIiK  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA 


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HIGHWAY  WORK  IN'  NORTH  CAROLINA 


55 


Table  VI  gives  the  statement,  by  counties  and  townships,  as  to 
administrative  boards  and  systems  of  maintenance.  This  gives  in 
detail  the  counties  which  use  the  road  drag  and  other  implements  in 
the  maintenance  of  roads,  and  the  attitude  of  the  various  counties  as 
to  the  use  of  wide  tires.  In  this  table,  also,  is  stated  the  kinds  of 
administrative  boards  in  the  various  counties  ancl  townships. 


f 


PUBLICATIONS 


OF  THE 

NORTH  CAROLINA  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


BULLETINS 

1.  Iron  Ores  of  North  Carolina,  by  Henry  B.  C.  Nitze,  1893.  8°,  239  pp.,  20 
pi.,  and  map.  Out  of  print. 

2.  Building  and  Ornamental  Stones  in  North  Carolina,  by  T.  L.  Watson  and 
F.  B.  Laney  in  collaboration  with  George  P.  Merrill,  1906.  8°,  283  pp.,  32  pi., 
2 figs.  Postage  25  cents.  Cloth-bound  copy  50  cents  extra. 

3.  Gold  Deposits  in  North  Carolina,  by  Henry  B.  C.  Nitze  and  George  B. 
Hanna,  1896.  8°,  196  pp.,  14  pi.,  and  map.  Out  of  print. 

4.  Road  Material  and  Road  Construction  in  North  Carolina,  by  J.  A.  Holmes 
and  William  Cain,  1893.  8°,  88  pp.  Out  of  print. 

5.  The  Forests,  Forest  Lands,  and  Forest  Products  of  Eastern  North  Caro- 
lina, by  W.  W.  Ashe,  1894.  8°,  128  pp.,  5 pi.  Out  of  print. 

6.  The  Timber  Trees  of  North  Carolina,  by  Gifford  Pinchot  and  W.  W.  Ashe, 
1897.  8°,  227  pp.,  22  pi.  Out  of  print. 

7.  Forest  Fires:  Their  Destructive  Work,  Causes  and  Prevention,  by  W.  W. 
Ashe,  1895.  8°,  66  pp.,  1 pi.  Postage  5 cents. 

8.  Water-powers  in  North  Carolina,  by  George  F.  Swain,  Joseph  A.  Holmes, 
and  E.  W.  Myers,  1899.  8°,  362  pp„  16  pi.  0^lt  of  print. 

9.  Monazite  and  Monazite  Deposits  in  North  Carolina,  by  Henry  B.  C.  Nitze, 
1895.  8°,  47  pp.,  5 pi.  Out  of  print. 

10.  Gold  Mining  in  North  Carolina  and  other  Appalachian  States,  by  Henry 
B.  C.  Nitze  and  A.  J.  Wilkins,  1897.  8°,  164  pp.,  10  pi.  Out  of  print. 

11.  Corundum  and  the  Basic  Magnesian  Rocks  of  Western  North  Carolina, 
by  J.  Volney  Lewis,  1895.  8°,  107  pp.,  6 pi.  Out  of  print. 

12.  History  of  the  Gems  Found  in  North  Carolina,  by  George  Frederick 
Kunz,  1907.  8°,  60  pp.,  15  pi.  Out  of  print. 

13.  Clay  Deposits  and  Clay  Industries  in  North  Carolina,  by  Heinrich  Ries, 
1897.  8°,  157  pp.,  12  pi.  Out  of  print. 

14.  The  Cultivation  of  the  Diamond-back  Terrapin,  by  R.  E.  Coker,  1906. 
8°,  67  pp.,  23  pi.,  2 figs.  Out  of  print. 

15.  Experiments  in  Oyster  Culture  in  Pamlico  Sound,  North  Carolina,  by 
Robert  E.  Coker,  1907.  8°,  74  pp.,  17  pi.,  11  figs.  Postage  10  cents. 

16.  Shade  Trees  for  North  Carolina,  by  W.  W.  Ashe,  1908.  8°,  74  pp.,  10  pi., 
16  figs.  Postage  6 cents.  Cloth  copies  50  cents  extra. 

17.  Terracing  of  Farm  Lands,  by  W.  W.  Ashe,  1908.  8°,  38  pp.,  6 pi.,  2 figs. 
Postage  If  cents. 

18.  Bibliography  of  North  Carolina  Geology,  Mineralogy,  and  Geography, 
with  a list  of  Maps,  by  Francis  Baker  Laney  and  Katherine  Hill  Wood,  1909. 
8°,  428  pp.  Postage  25  cents.  Cloth-bound  copy,  50  cents  extra. 

19.  The  Tin  Deposits  of  the  Carolinas,  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt  and  Douglas 
B.  Sterrett,  1905.  8°,  64  pp.,  8 figs.  Postage  4 cents. 


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PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


20.  Water-powers  of  North  Carolina:  An  Appendix  to  Bulletin  8,  1910.  8°, 
383  pp.  Postage  25  cents. 

21.  The  Gold  Hill  Mining  District  of  North  Carolina,  by  Francis  Baker 

Laney,  1910.  8°,  137  pp.,  23  pi.,  5 figs.  Postage  15  cents.  Cloth  copies  50 

cents  extra. 

22.  A Report  on  the  Cid  Mining  District,  Davidson  County,  N.  C.,  by  J.  E. 
Pogue,  Jr.,  1911.  8°,  144  pp.,  22  pi.,  5 figs.  Postage  15  cents.  Cloth  copies  50 
cents  extra. 

23.  Forest  Conditions  in  Western  North  Carolina,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  1911. 
8°,  116  pp.,  8 pi.  Postage  15  cents. 

24.  Loblolly  or  North  Carolina  Pine,  by  W.  W.  Ashe,  Forest  Inspector,  U.  S. 
Forest  Service  (and  former  Forester  of  the  North  Carolina  Geological  and 
Economic  Survey).  Prepared  in  Cooperation  with  the  Forest  Service,  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  1914.  8°,  176  pp.,  27  pi.,  5 figs.  Postage  15  cents. 
Cloth  copies  50  cents  extra. 

25.  Zircon,  Monazite,  and  Other  Minerals  used  in  the  Production  of  Chemi- 

cal Compounds  Employed  in  the  Manufacture  of  Lighting  Apparatus,  by 
Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  Ph.D.,  1916.  8°,  120  pp.,  3 pi.  Postage  15  cents.  Cloth 

copies  50  cents  extra. 

26.  A Report  on  the  Virgilina  Copper  District  of  North  Carolina  and  Vir- 
ginia, by  F.  B.  Laney,  Ph.D.,  1917.  8°,  ...  pp.,  . . . pi.,  . . . maps.  Postage  . . 
cents.  In  press. 

27.  The  Altitudes  of  North  Carolina,  1917.  8°,  ...  pp.  Postage  . . cents. 

In  press. 

ECONOMIC  PAPERS 

1.  The  Maple  Sugar  Industry  in  Western  North  Carolina,  by  W.  W.  Ashe, 
1897.  8°,  34  pp.  Postage  2 cents. 

2.  Recent  Road  Legislation  in  North  Carolina,  by  J.  A.  Holmes.  Out  of 

print.  v 

3.  Talc  and  Pyrophyllite  Deposits  in  North  Carolina,  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt, 
1900.  8°,  29  pp.,  2 maps.  Postage  2 cents. 

4.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1900,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1901.  8°,  36  pp.,  and  map.  Postage  2 cents. 

Takes  up  in  some  detail  Occurrences  of  Gold,  Silver,  Lead  and  Zinc.  Copper.  Iron  Man- 
ganese, Corundum,  Granite,  Mica,  Talc,  Pyrophyllite,  Graphite,  Kaolin,  Gem  Minerals, 
Monazite,  Tungsten,  Building  Stones,  and  Coal  in  North  Carolina. 

5.  Road  Laws  of  North  Carolina,  by  J.  A.  Holmes.  Out  of  print. 

6.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1901,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1902.  8°,  102  pp.  Out  of  print. 

Gives  a List  of  Minerals  found  in  North  Carolina;  describes  the  Treatment  of  Sulphuret 
Gold  Ores,  giving  localities;  takes  up  the  Occurrence  of  Copper  in  the  Yirgilina,  Gold  Hill, 
and  Ore  Knob  districts;  gives  Occurrence  and  Uses  of  Corundum;  a List  of  Garnets, 
describing  Localities ; the  Occurrence,  Associated  Minerals,  Uses  and  Localities  of  Mica ; the 
Occurrence  of  North  Carolina  Feldspar,  with  Analyses;  an  extended  description  of  North 
Carolina  Gems  and  Gem  Minerals;  Occurrences  of  Monazite,  Barytes,  Ocher;  describes  and 
gives  Occurrences  of  Graphite  and  Coal;  describes  and  gives  Occurrences  of  Building  Stones, 
including  Limestone;  describes  and  gives  Uses  for  the  various  forms  of  Clay;  and  under 
the  head  of  “Other  Economic  Minerals,”  describes  and  gives  Occurrences  of  Chromite, 
Asbestos,  and  Zircon. 

7.  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1902,  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt, 
1903.  8°,  27  pp.  Out  of  print. 

8.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1903,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1904.  8°,  74  pp.  Postage  4 cents. 

Gives  description  of  Mines  worked  for  Gold  in  1903  ; description  of  Properties  worked  for 
Copper  during  1903,  together  with  assay  of  ore  from  Twin-Edwards  Mine;  Analyses  of 
Limonite  ore  from  Wilson  Mine;  the  Occurrence  of  Tin:  in  some  detail  the  Occurrences 
of  Abrasives ; Occurrences  of  Monazite  and  Zircon ; Occurrences  and  Varieties  of  Graphite, 
giving  Methods  of  Cleaning;  Occurrences  of  Marble  and  other  forms  of  Limestone;  Analyses 
of  Kaolin  from  Barber  Creek,  Jackson  County,  North  Carolina. 


PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


59 


9.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1904,  hy  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1905.  8°,  95  pp.  Postage  If  cents. 

Gives  Mines  Producing  Gold  and  Silver  during  1903  and  1904  and  Sources  of  the  Gold 
Produced  during  1904  ; describes  the  mineral  Chromite,  giving  Analyses  of  Selected  Samples 
of  Chromite  from  Mines  in  Yancey  County;  describes  Commercial  Varieties  of  Mica,  giving 
the  manner  in  which  it  occurs  in  North  Carolina,  Percentage  of  Mica  in  the  Dikes,  Methods 
of  Mining,  Assocated  Minerals,  Localities,  Uses;  describes  the  mineral  Barytes,  giving 
Method  of  Cleaning  and  Preparing  Barytes  for  Market;  describes  the  use  of  Monazite  as 
used  in  connection  with  the  Preparation  of  the  Bunsen  Burner,  and  goes  into  the  use  of 
Zircon  in  connection  with  the  Nernst  Lamp,  giving  a List  of  the  Principal  Yttrium  Minerals; 
describes  the  minerals  containing  Corundum  Gems,  Hiddenite  and  Other  Gem  Minerals,  and 
gives  New  Occurrences  of  these  Gems;  describes  the  mineral  Graphite  and  gives  new  Uses 
for  same. 

10.  Oyster  Culture  in  North  Carolina,  by  Robert  E.  Coker,  1905.  8°,  39  pp. 
Out  of  print. 

11.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1905,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1906.  8°,  95  pp.  Postage  4 cents. 

Describes  the  mineral  Cobalt  and  the  principal  minerals  that  contain  Cobalt ; Corundum 
Localities;  Monazite  and  Zircon  in  considerable  detail,  giving  Analyses  of  Thorianite; 
describes  Tantalum  Minerals  and  gives  description  of  the  Tantalum  Lamp;  gives  brief 
description  of  Peat  Deposits;  the  manufacture  of  Sand-lime  Brick;  Operations  of  Concen- 
trating Plant  in  Black  Sand  Investigations;  gives  Laws  Relating  to  Mines,  Coal  Mines, 
Mining,  Mineral  Interest  in  Land,  Phosphate  Rock,  Marl  Beds. 

12.  Investigations  Relative  to  the  Shad  Fisheries  of  North  Carolina,  hy 
John  N.  Cobb,  1906.  8°,  74  pp.,  8 maps.  Postage  6 cents. 

13.  Report  of  Committee  on  Fisheries  in  North  Carolina.  Compiled  hy 
Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  1906.  8°,  78  pp.  Out  of  Print. 

14.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1906,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1907.  8°,  144  pp.,  20  pi.,  and  5 figs.  Postage  10  cents. 

Under  the  head  of  “Recent  Changes  in  Gold  Mining  in  North  Carolina,”  gives  methods 
of  mining,  describing  Log  Washers,  Square  Sets,  Cyanide  Plants,  etc.,  and  detailed  descrip- 
tions of  Gold  Deposits  and  Mines  are  given;  Copper  Deposits  of  Swain  County  are  described; 
Mica  Deposits  of  Western  North  Carolina  are  described,  giving  Distribution  and  General 
Character,  General  Geology,  Occurrence,  Associated  Minerals,  Mining  and  treatment  of  Mica, 
Origin,  together  with  a description  of  many  of  the  mines;  Monazite  is  taken  up  in  consider- 
able detail  as  to  Location  and  Occurrence,  Geology,  including  classes  of  Rocks,  Age.  Associa- 
tions, Weathering,  method  of  Mining  and  Cleaning,  description  of  Monazite  in  Original 
Matrix. 

15.  The  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1907,  hy  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  1908.  8°,  176  pp.,  13  pi.,  and  4 figs.  Postage  15  cents. 

Takes  up  in  detail  the  Copper  and  Gold  Hill  Copper  District;  a description  of  the  Uses 
of  Monazite  and  its  Associated  Minerals;  descriptions  of  Ruby,  Emerald,  Beryl,  Hiddenite, 
and  Amethyst  Localities ; a detailed  description  with  Analysis  of  the  Principal  Mineral  Springs 
of  North  Carolina ; a description  of  the  Peat  Formations  in  North  Carolina,  together  with 
a detailed  account  of  the  Uses  of  Peat  and  the  Results  of  an  Experiment  Conducted  by  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  on  Peat  from  Elizabeth  City,  North  Carolina. 

16.  Report  of  Convention  called  by  Governor  R.  B.  Glenn  to  Investigate  the 
Fishing  Industries  in  North  Carolina,  compiled  hy  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State 
Geologist,  1908.  8°,  45  pp.  Out  of  print. 

17.  Proceedings  of  Drainage  Convention  held  at  New  Bern,  North  Carolina, 
September  9,  1908.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  1908.  8°,  94  pp.  Out  of 
print. 

18.  Proceedings  of  Second  Annual  Drainage  Convention  held  at  New  Bern, 
North  Carolina,  November  11  and  12,  1909,  compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt, 
and  containing  North  Carolina  Drainage  Law,  1909.  8°,  50  pp.  Otct  of  print. 

19.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  During  1909,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  Forester, 
1910.  8°,  52  pp.,  9 pi.  Out  of  print. 


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PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


20.  Wood-using  Industries  of  North  Carolina,  by  Roger  E.  Simmons,  under 

the  direction  of  J.  S.  Holmes  and  H.  S.  Sackett,  1910.  8°,  74  pp.,  6 pi. 

Postage  7 cents. 

21.  Proceedings  of  the  Third  Annual  Drainage  Convention,  held  under 

Auspices  of  the  North  Carolina  Drainage  Association;  and  the  North  Carolina 
Drainage  Law  (codified).  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  1911.  8°,  67  pp., 

3 pi.  Out  of  print. 

22.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  During  1910,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  Forester, 

1911.  8°,  48  pp.  Out  of  print. 

23.  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  During  1908,  ’09,  and  ’10,  by  Joseph 

Hyde  Pratt  and  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  1911.  8°,  134  pp.,  1 pi.,  27  figs.  Postage 

10  cents.  Cloth  copies  50  cents  extra. 

Gives  report  on  Virgilina  Copper  District  of  North  Carolina  and  Virginia,  by  F.  B.  Laney; 
Detailed  report  on  Mica  Deposits  of  North  Carolina,  by  Douglas  B.  Sterrett;  Detailed  report 
on  Monazite,  by  Douglas  B.  Sterrett;  Reports  on.  various  Gem  Minerals,  by  Douglas  B. 
Sterrett ; Information  and  Analyses  concerning  certain  Mineral  Springs ; Extracts  from 
Chance  Report  of  the  Dan  River  and  Deep  River  Coal  Fields;  Some  notes  on  the  Peat 
Industry,  by  Professor  Charles  A.  Davis;  Extract  from  report  of  Arthur  Keith  on  the 
Nantahala  Marble;  Description  of  the  manufacture  of  Sand-lime  Brick. 

24.  Fishing  Industry  of  North  Carolina,  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  1911.  8°,  44 
pp.  Out  of  print. 

25.  Proceedings  of  Second  Annual  Convention  of  the  North  Carolina  For- 
estry Association,  held  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  February  21,  1912.  Forest 
Fires  in  North  Carolina  During  1911.  Suggested  Forestry  Legislation.  Com- 
piled by  J.  S.  Holmes,  Forester,  1912.  8°,  71  pp.  Postage  5 cents. 

26.  Proceedings  of  Fourth  Annual  Drainage  Convention,  held  at  Elizabeth 
City,  North  Carolina,  November  15  and  16,  1911,  compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1912.  8°,  45  pp.  Out  of  print. 

27.  Highway  Work  in  North  Carolina,  containing  a Statistical  Report  of 
Road  Work  during  1911  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and  Miss 
H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary,  1912.  8°,  145  pp.,  11  figs.  Postage  10  cents. 

28.  Culverts  and  Small  Bridges  for  Country  Roads  in  North  Carolina,  by 
C.  R.  Thomas  and  T.  F.  Hickerson,  1912.  8°,  56  pp.,  14  figs.,  20  pi.  Postage 
10  cents. 

29.  Report  of  the  Fisheries  Convention  held  at  New  Bern,  N.  C.,  December 
13,  1911,  compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  together  with  a 
Compendium  of  the  Stenographic  Notes  of  the  Meetings  Held  on  the  two 
trips  taken  by  the  Legislative  Fish  Committee  Appointed  by  the  General  As- 
sembly of  1909,  and  the  Legislation  Recommended  by  this  Committee,  1912. 
8°,  302  pp.  Postage  15  cents. 

30.  Proceedings  of  the  Annual  Convention  of  the  North  Carolina  Good 
Roads  Association  held  at  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  August  1 and  2,  1912,  in  Coopera- 
tion with  the  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  Compiled 
by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary, 

1912.  8°,  109  pp.  Postage  10  cents. 

31.  Proceedings  of  Fifth  Annual  Drainage  Convention  held  at  Raleigh, 
N.  C.,  November  26  and  27,  1912.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State 
Geologist.  8°,  56  pp.,  6 pi.  Postage  5 cents. 

32.  Public  Roads  are  Public  Necessities,  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State 
Geologist,  1913.  8°,  62  pp.  Postage  5 cents. 


PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


61 


33.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  during  1912  and  National  and  Associa- 
tion Cooperative  Fire  Control,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  Forester,  1913.  8°,  63  pp. 

Postage  5 cents. 

34.  Mining  Industry  in  North  Carolina  during  1911-12,  by  Joseph  Hyde 
Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1914.  8°,  314  pp.,  23  pi.,  12  figs.  Postage  15  cents. 

Gives  detailed  report  on  Gold  Mining  in  various  counties  with  special  report  on  Metal- 
lurgical Processes  used  at  the  Iola  Mine,  by  Claud  Hafer;  description  of  a Cyanide  Mill, 
by  Percy  Barbour ; the  new  milling  process  for  treating  North  Carolina  Siliceous  Gold  Ores 
at  the  Montgomery  Mine,  including  a description  of  the  Uwarrie  Mining  Company’s  Plant; 
notes  on  the  Carter  Mine,  Montgomery  County,  by  Claud  Hafer ; also  a description  of  the 
Howie  Mine  and  its  mill;  a detailed  report  of  the  Coggins  (Appalachian)  Gold  Mine,  by 
Joseph  Hyde  Pratt ; a list  of  gems  and  gem  minerals  occurring  in  the  United  States ; special 
descriptions  of  Localities  where  the  Amethyst.  Beryl.  Emerald,  and  Quartz  Gems  Occur  as 
taken  from  United  States  Geological  Survey  Report  by  Douglas  B.  Sterrett;  a report  on  the 
Dan  River  Coal  Field,  by  R.  W.  Stone,  as  reprinted  from  Bulletin  471-B  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey;  a special  report  on  Graphite,  by  Edson  S.  Bastin  and  reprinted  from 
Mineral  Resources  of  United  States  for  1912;  a special  report  on  Asbestos  describing  both 
the  Amphibole  and  Chrysotile  varieties;  a report  on  the  Mount  Airy  Granite  Quarry;  special 
report  on  Sand  and  Gravel,  giving  Uses.  Definitions  of  Various  Sands,  etc. ; the  portion  of 
a Bulletin  on  Feldspar  and  Kaolin  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Mines,  which  relates  to 
North  Carolina,  and  which  takes  up  in  detail  Occurrences,  Methods  of  Mining,  and  Descrip- 
tions of  Localities  of  Feldspar  anjJ  Kaolin  mines  in  North  Carolina,  prepared  by  Mr.  A.  S. 
Watts.  In  this  Economic  Paper  are  also  given  the  names  and  addresses  of  producers  of 
the  various  minerals  during  the  years  covered  by  the  report. 

35.  Good  Roads  Days,  November  5th  and  6th,  1913,  compiled  by  Joseph 
Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary.  8°,  102  pp., 
11  pi.  Postage  10  cents. 

36.  Proceedings  of  the  North  Carolina  Good  Roads  Association,  held  at 
Morehead  City,  N.  C.,  July  31st  and  August  1,  1913.  In  Cooperation  with  the 
North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey. — Statistical  Report  of  High- 
way Work  in  North  Carolina  during  1912.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt, 
State  Geologist,  and  Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary.  8°,  127  pp.,  7 figs.  Postage 
10  cents. 

37.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  during  1913  and  a Summary  of  State 
Forest  Fire  Prevention  in  the  United  States,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  Forester,  1914. 
8°,  82  pp.  Postage  8 cents. 

38.  Forms  covering  the  Organization  of  Drainage  Districts  under  the  North 
Carolina  Drainage  Law,  Chapter  442,  Public  Laws  of  1909,  and  Amendments. 
And  Forms  for  Minutes  of  Boards  of  Drainage  Commissioners  covering  the 
Organization  of  the  Board  up  to  and  Including  the  Issuing  of  the  Drainage 
Bonds.  Compiled  by  Geo.  R.  Boyd,  Drainage  Engineer.  133  pp.  Postage  15 
cents. 

39.  Proceedings  of  the  Good  Roads  Institute  held  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  March  17-19,  1914.  Held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Departments  of 
Civil  and  Highway  Engineering  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and 
The  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey.  8°,  117  pp.,  15  figs., 
4 pi.  Postage  10  cents. 

40.  Forest  Fires  in  North  Carolina  during  1914  and  Forestry  Laws  of  North 
Carolina,  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  State  Forester,  1915.  8°,  55  pp.  Postage  5 cents. 

41.  Proceedings  of  Seventh  Annual  Drainage  Convention  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Drainage  Association  held  at  Wilson,  North  Carolina,  November  18  and 
19,  1914.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and  Miss  H.  M. 
Berry,  Secretary,  1915.  8°,  76  pp.,  3 figs.  Postage  5 cents. 

42.  Organization  of  Cooperative  Forest-Fire  Protective  Areas  in  North  Caro- 
lina, being  the  Proceedings  of  the  Special  Conference  on  Forest  Fire  Protec- 
tion held  as  part  of  the  Conference  on  Forestry  and  Nature  Study,  Montreat, 


62 


PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


N.  C.,  July  8,  1915.  Prepared  by  J.  S.  Holmes,  State  Forester,  1915.  8°,  39  pp. 
Postage  4 cents. 

43.  Proceedings  of  the  Second  Road  Institute,  held  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  February  23-27,  1915.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt  and 
Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary,  1916.  8°,  128  pp.  Postage  15  cents. 

44.  Highway  Work  in  North  Carolina  During  the  Calendar  Year  Ending 
December  31,  1914.  Compiled  by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  and 
Miss  H.  M.  Berry,  Secretary,  1916.  8°,  . . pp.  In  press. 

45.  Proceedings  of  the  Eighth  Annual  Drainage  Convention.  Held  under 
the  Auspices  of  the  North  Carolina  Drainage  Association  and  the  North  Caro- 
lina Geological  and  Economic  Survey,  Belhaven,  N.  C.,  November  29,  30,  and 
December  1,  1915.  In  press. 

VOLUMES 

Vol.  I.  Corundum  and  the  Basic  Magnesian  Rocks  in  Western  North  Caro- 
lina, by  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt  and  J.  Volney  Lewis,  1905.  8°,  464  pp.,  44  pi., 

35  figs.  Postage  32  cents.  Cloth-hound  copy  $1  extra. 

Vol.  II.  Fishes  of  North  Carolina,  by  H.  M.  Smith,  1907.  8°,  453  pp.,  21 

pi.,  188  figs.  Postage  75  cents.  Cloth-houncl  copy  $1  extra. 

Vol.  III.  The  Coastal  Plain  Deposits  of  North  Carolina,  by  William  Bullock 
Clark,  Benjamin  L.  Miller,  L.  W.  Stephenson,  B.  L.  Johnson,  and  Horatio  N. 
Parker,  1912.  8°,  509  pp.,  62  pi.,  21  figs.  Postage  35  cents. 

Pt.  I. — The  Physiography  and  Geology  of  the  Coastal  Plain  of  North  Carolina,  hy 
Wm.  Bullock  Clark,  Benjamin  L.  Miller,  and  L.  W.  Stephenson. 

Pt.  11. — The  Water  Resources  of  the  Coastal  Plain  of  North  Carolina,  by  L.  W. 
Stephenson  and  B.  L.  Johnson. 

Vol.  IV. — The  Birds  of  North  Carolina — In  press. 


BIENNIAL  REPORTS 


First  Biennial  Report,  1891-1892,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1893.  8°, 

111  pp.,  12  pi.,  2 figs.  Postage  6 cents. 

Administrative  report,  giving  Object  and  Organization  of  the  Survey;  Investigations  of 
Iron  Ores,  Building  Stone,  Geological  Work  in  Coastal  Plain  Region,  including  supplies  and 
drinking  waters  in  eastern  counties.  Report  on  Forests  and  Forest  Products,  Coal  and 
Marble,  Investigations  of  Diamond  Drill. 


Biennial  Report,  1893-1894,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1894. 
Postage  1 cent. 

Administrative  report. 

Biennial  Report,  1895-1896,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1896. 
Postage  1 cent. 

Administrative  report. 

Biennial  Report,  1897-1898,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1898. 
Postage  2 cents. 

Administrative  report. 

Biennial  Report,  1899-1900,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1900. 

Postage  2 cents. 

Administrative  report. 

Biennial  Report,  1901-1902,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1902. 
Postage  1 cent. 

Administrative  report. 


8°,  15  pp. 


8°,  17  pp. 


8°,  28  pp 


8°,  20  pp. 

8°,  15  pp. 


PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


63 


Biennial  Report,  1903-1904,  J.  A.  Holmes,  State  Geologist,  1905.  8°,  32  pp. 
Postage  2 cents. 

Administrative  report. 

Biennial  Report,  1905-1906,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1907.  8°,  60 
pp.  Postage  3 cents.  , 

Administrative  report ; report  on  certain  swamp  lands  belonging  to  the  State,  by  W.  W. 
Ashe;  it  also  gives  certain  magnetic  observations  at  North  Carolina  stations. 

Biennial  Report,  1907-1908,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1908.  8°,  60 
pp.,  2 pi.  Postage  5 cents. 

Administrative  report.  Contains  Special  Report  on  an  examination  of  the  Sand  Banks 
along  the  North  Carolina  Coast,  by  Jay  F.  Bond,  Forest  Assistant,  United  States  Forest 
Service;  certain  magnetic  observations  at  North  Carolina  stations:  Results  of  an  Investiga- 
tion Relating  to  Clam  Cultivation,  by  Howard  E.  Enders,  of  Purdue  University. 

Biennial  Report,  1909-1910,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1911.  8°, 

152  pp.  Postage  10  cents. 

Administrative  report,  and  contains  Agreements  for  Cooperation  in  Statistical  Work,  and 
Topographical  and  Traverse  Mapping  Work  with  the  United  States  Geological  Survey ; Forest 
Work,  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  (Forest  Service)  ; List  of  Topo- 
graphic maps  of  North  Carolina  and  counties  partly  or  wholly  topographically  mapped;  de- 
scription of  Special  Highways  in  North  Carolina;  suggested  Road  Legislation;  list  of  Drain- 
age Districts  and  Results  of  Third  Annual  Drainage  Convention;  Forestry  reports  relating 
to  Connolly  Tract,  Buncombe  County  and  Transylvania  County  State  Farms;  certain  Water- 
sheds; Reforestation  of  Cut-over  and  Abandoned  Farm  Lands  on  the  Woodlands  of  the 
Salem  Academy  and  College;  Recommendations  for  the  Artificial  Regeneration  of  Longleaf 
Pine  at  Pinehurst;  Act  regulating  the  use  of  and  for  the  Protection  of  Meridian  Monuments 
and  Standards  of  Measure  at  the  several  county  seats  of  North  Carolina;  list  of  Magnetic 
Declinations  at  the  county  seats,  January  1,  1910;  letter  of  Fish  Commissioner  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Fisheries  relating  to  the  conditions  of  the  North  Carolina  fish  industries; 
report  of  the  Survey  for  the  North  Carolina  Fish  Commission  referring  to  dutch  or  pound-net 
fishing  in  Albemarle  and  Croatan  sounds  and  Chowan  River,  by  Gilbert  T.  Rude,  of  the 
United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey;  Historical  Sketch  of  the  several  North  Carolina 
Geological  Surveys,  with  list  of  publications  of  each. 

Biennial  Report,  1911-1912,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1913.  8°, 

118  pp.  Postage  7 cents. 

Administrative  report,  and  contains  reports  on  method  of  construction  and  estimate  of  cost 
of  road  improvement  in  Stantonsburg  Township,  Wilson  County;  report  on  road  conditions 
in  Lee  County;  report  on  preliminary  location  of  section  of  Spartanburg-Hendersonville 
Highway  between  Tryon  and  Tuxedo : report  of  road  work  done  by  United  States  Office  of 
Public  Roads  during  biennial  period;  experiments  with  glutrin  on  the  sand-clay  road: 
report  on  Central  Highway,  giving  Act  establishing  and  report  of  trip  over  the  Highway; 
suggested  road  legislation;  report  on  the  Asheville  City  watershed;  report  on  the  Struan 
property  at  Arden,  Buncombe  County;  report  on  the  woodlands  on  the  farm  of  Dr.  J.  W. 
Kilgore,  Iredell  County;  report  on  examination  of  the  woodlands  on  the  Berry  place,  Orange 
County;  report  on  the  forest  property  of  Hiss  Julia  A.  Thorns.  Ashboro.  Randolph  County; 
report  on  the  examination  of  the  forest  lands  of  the  Butters  Lumber  Company,  Columbus 
County ; proposed  forestry  legislation ; swamp  lands  and  drainage,  giving  drainage  districts ; 
suggested  drainage  legislation;  proposed  Fisheries  Commission  Bill. 

Biennial  Report,  1913-1914,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1915.  8°,' 

165  pp.  Postage  10  cents. 

Administrative  report,  and  contains  reports  on  the  work  of  the  State  convicts  on  Hiekory 
Nut  Gap  Road,  Henderson  County,  and  on  the  link  of  the  Central  Highway  in  Madison 
County  which  is  being  constructed  with  State  convicts ; report  on  road  work  accomplished 
by  the  State  Survey  and  by  the  United  States  Office  of  Public  Roads  during  biennial  period ; 
suggested  road  legislation ; a forestry  policy  for  North  Carolina ; report  on  investigation. 
Timber  supply  of  North  Carolina ; reports  on  the  examination  of  certain  forest  lands  in 
Halifax  County;  report  on  the  ash  in  North  Carolina;  report  on  the  spruce  forests  of  Mount 
Mitchell ; report  on  the  forest  fire  conditions  in  the  northeastern  States,  by  J.  S.  Holmes. 
Report  on  the  work  of  the  United  States  Forest  Service  in  North  Carolina  in  connection 
with  the  purchase  of  forest  reserves  and  their  protection : timber  tests,  including  strength 
of  timber,  preservation  of  timber,  timber  suitable  to  produce  pulp,  distillation  of  certain 
woods  and  drying  certain  woods ; suggested  forestry  legislation ; report  on  the  swamp  lands 
and  their  drainage  in  North  Carolina ; suggested  drainage  legislation ; report  on  magnetic 
observations  made  during  biennial  period ; report  on  the  economic  value  of  the  fisheries  of 
North  Carolina ; report  on  the  survey  made  in  Albemarle,  Croatan,  and  Pamlico  sounds  by 
the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey ; suggested  fisheries  legislation. 

Biennial  Report,  1915-1916,  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt,  State  Geologist,  1917.  8°, 

....  pp.  Postage  . . cents. 


64 


PUBLICATIONS  N.  C.  GEOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  SURVEY 


Samples  of  any  mineral  found  in  the  State  may  be  sent  to  the  office  of  the 
Geological  and  Economic  Survey  for  identification,  and  the  same  will  be  classi- 
fied free  of  charge.  It  must  be  understood,  however,  that  no  assays  or 
quanitative  determinations  will  be  made.  Samples  should  he  in  a lump 
form  if  possible,  and  marked  plainly  on  outside  of  package  with  name  of 
sender,  postoffice  address,  etc.;  a letter  should  accompany  sample  and  stamp 
should  be  enclosed  for  reply. 


These  publications  are  mailed  to  libraries  and  to  individuals  who  may 
desire  information  on  any  of  the  special  subjects  named,  free  of  charge,  except 
that  in  each  case  applicants  for  the  reports  should  forward  the  amount  of 
postage  needed,  as  indicated  above,  for  mailing  the  bulletins  desired,  to  the 
State  Geologist,  Chapel  Hill , N.  C. 


J4W2  9-20 

ay  2 '348 


Date  Due 


Form  335— 40M— 6-39— S 


N873  54877 


N.C,  Geological  and  Economic 
Survey:  Highway  work  in  N.C* 

1914 

DATS  DUE  I ISSUED  TO 


553  N873  no. 44  54877 


